Rhinanthus

Rhinanthus is a genus of annual hemiparasitic herbaceous plants in the family Orobanchaceae, formerly classified in the family Scrophulariaceae. Its species are commonly known as rattles. The genus consists of about 30 to 40 species found in Europe, northern Asia, and North America, with the greatest species diversity (28 species) in Europe.

Rhinanthus
Rhinanthus minor
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Orobanchaceae
Tribe:	Rhinantheae
Genus:	Rhinanthus L.
Species
See text

Phylogeny

The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters.^[1][2] Rhinanthus is the sister genus to Lathraea, and then to Rhynchocorys. These three genera share phylogenetic affinities with members of the core Rhinantheae: Bartsia, Euphrasia, Tozzia, Hedbergia, Bellardia, and Odontites. Melampyrum appears as a more distant relative.

Genus-level cladogram of tribe Rhinantheae.

Rhinantheae               Melampyrum               Rhynchocorys               Lathraea   Rhinanthus   Core Rhinantheae               Bartsia sensu stricto (Bartsia alpina)             Euphrasia             Hedbergia   (including Bartsia decurva + B. longiflora)   Tozzia   Odontites sensu lato   (including Bartsiella   and Bornmuellerantha)             Bellardia             Neobartsia (New World Bartsia)   Parentucellia

The cladogram has been reconstructed from nuclear and plastid DNA molecular characters (ITS, rps16 intron and trnK region).[1][2]

Systematics

Selected species

Rhinanthus alectorolophus - European yellow rattle Rhinanthus alpinus Rhinanthus angustifolius - Narrow-leaved rattle Rhinanthus antiquus Rhinanthus aristatus Rhinanthus asperulus Rhinanthus borbasii Rhinanthus borealis Rhinanthus burnatii Rhinanthus carinthiacus Rhinanthus dinaricus Rhinanthus freynii Rhinanthus glaber Rhinanthus glacialis - Glacier rattle Rhinanthus groenlandicus

Rhinanthus halophilus Rhinanthus mediterraneus Rhinanthus melampyroides Rhinanthus minor - Yellow rattle Rhinanthus osiliensis - Saaremaa yellow rattle Rhinanthus ovifugus Rhinanthus pampaninii Rhinanthus pindicus Rhinanthus pubescens Rhinanthus rumelicus Rhinanthus serotinus Rhinanthus songeonii Rhinanthus subulatus Rhinanthus wagneri Rhinanthus wettsteinii