Richard C. Wesley

Richard Carl Wesley (born August 1, 1949) is a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. He previously served on every level of New York's judiciary—including six years on the state's highest court—and represented New York's 136th District in the state legislature.

Richard C. Wesley
Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Incumbent
Assumed office August 1, 2016
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
In office June 12, 2003 – August 1, 2016
Appointed by	George W. Bush
Preceded by	Pierre N. Leval
Succeeded by	Richard J. Sullivan
Associate Judge of the New York Court of Appeals
In office January 3, 1997 – June 12, 2003
Appointed by	George Pataki
Preceded by	Richard D. Simons
Succeeded by	Robert S. Smith
Member of the New York State Assembly from the 136th district
In office January 1, 1983 – December 31, 1986
Preceded by	James L. Emery
Succeeded by	John Hasper
Personal details
Born	Richard Carl Wesley (1949-08-01) August 1, 1949 (age 76) Canandaigua, New York, U.S.
Political party	Republican
Education	University at Albany, SUNY (BA) Cornell University (JD)

Early life and education

Wesley was raised in the hamlet of Hemlock, New York, where his father drove a fuel-oil delivery truck and mother worked first as a butcher and later a nurse.^[1] He earned a B.A. summa cum laude in American History from the University at Albany, SUNY, where he played on the university’s inaugural football squad and served in student government.^[1] He received his J.D. from Cornell Law School in 1974 and was an editor of the Cornell Law Review.^[2]

Early legal and political career

Wesley began his legal career with Harris Beach in Rochester, before returning to Geneseo as a partner at Welch, Streb & Porter.^[3] From 1979 to 1982 he served as assistant counsel and chief legislative aide to New York Assembly Minority Leader James L. Emery.^[4]

In 1982, Wesley was elected as a Republican to represent New York's 136th State Assembly district. He was reelected in 1984.^[5]

State judicial service

New York Supreme Court

Wesley's judicial career began with his election to the New York State Supreme Court in 1986. He served as a trial judge in Rochester from 1987 to 1994 and created the Monroe County felony-screening program, credited with reducing felony backlogs by more than 60 percent.^[1]

Appellate Division and Court of Appeals

Democratic Governor Mario Cuomo appointed Wesley to the Appellate Division, Fourth Department in 1994. On December 3, 1996, Republican Governor George Pataki nominated him to the New York Court of Appeals, calling the choice his “most important judicial nomination.”^[6] The State Senate unanimously confirmed Wesley on January 14, 1997.^[7] He served on the Court of Appeals from 1997 until his federal confirmation in 2003.

Federal judicial service

On March 5, 2003, President George W. Bush nominated Wesley to the Second Circuit to fill the seat vacated by Judge Pierre N. Leval. Then-Senator Hillary Clinton supported Judge Wesley as a “superb jurist” and a person who had sought to improve the quality of justice and the lives of the people who appeared before him.^[8] Senator Chuck Schumer described Wesley as having "a top-flight legal mind" and someone who "has made an excellent judge in New York State."^[9] The United States Senate approved the nomination on June 11, 2003, by a 96–0 vote.^[10]

Since his appointment to the federal bench, Wesley has served on several judicial rule-making bodies, including the Judicial Conference’s Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure^[11] and the Advisory Committee on Appellate Rules.^[12] He also chaired the Second Circuit’s 125th-Anniversary committee in 2017–18.^[13]

Judicial philosophy

Wesley has described himself as “conservative in nature, pragmatic at the same time, with a fair appreciation of judicial restraint,” adding that “I ... have always restricted myself to what I understand to be the plain language of the statute. ... As long as the language is plain, we should restrict ourselves.”^[6] He aims to write opinions that satisfy what he calls the “Livonia Post Office test”—that is, they are understandable to his neighbors back home.^[14]

Notable decisions

• In re Grand Jury Subpoena Duces Tecum Served on the Museum of Modern Art, 93 N.Y.2d 729 (N.Y. 1999) (quashing a subpoena for provenance records in a Nazi-looted-art investigation).
• Hamilton v. Beretta U.S.A. Corp., 96 N.Y.2d 222 (N.Y. 2001) (declining to impose a common-law duty on handgun manufacturers to the general public).
• Padilla v. Rumsfeld, 352 F.3d 695 (2d Cir. 2003) (Wesley, J., dissenting) (arguing that a U.S. citizen detained as an enemy combatant was entitled to counsel and judicial review).
• United States v. Am. Express Co., 838 F.3d 179 (2d Cir. 2016) (holding AmEx’s anti‑steering rules did not violate Sherman Act § 1), aff’d sub nom. Ohio v. Am. Express Co., 585 U.S. 529 (2018).
• United States v. Silver, 948 F.3d 538 (2d Cir. 2020) (affirming corruption and money‑laundering convictions of former New York State Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver), cert. denied, 141 S. Ct. 656 (2021).
• In re Purdue Pharma L.P., 69 F.4th 45 (2d Cir. 2023) (Wesley, J., concurring) (urging the Supreme Court or Congress to clarify bankruptcy courts’ power to approve non-consensual third-party releases).

Selected publications

• Note, Developments in Welfare Law—1973, 59 Cornell L. Rev. 859 (1974).^[15]
• New York’s Court of Appeals: A Personal Perspective, 48 Syracuse L. Rev. 1461 (1998).^[16]
• Hugh Jones and Modern Courts: The Pursuit of Justice Then and Now, 65 Alb. L. Rev. 1123 (2002).^[17]
• When Law and Medicine Collide, 12 Cornell J.L. & Pub. Pol’y 261 (2003).^[18]
• If Legislators Fail, Who Is There to Follow?, 68 Alb. L. Rev. 703 (2005).^[19]
• A Tribute to Hon. George Bundy Smith: A Friend and Colleague, 34 Fordham Urb. L.J. 1156 (2007).^[20]
• A Portrait of Judith S. Kaye, 84 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 676 (2009).^[21]
• New York Law in Federal Court: A Brief Word on Certification, N.Y. St. B.J., May 2020, at 20.^[22]

Personal life

A lifelong athlete, Wesley completed the Wineglass Marathon in 3h 52m and the Chicago Marathon in 3h 39m.^[23] For seven years, he pulled overnight shifts as a driver with the Livonia Volunteer Ambulance & Fire Department, often negotiating blizzards and dense Finger-Lakes fog to ferry patients to area hospitals.^[23] He continues to serve on the Myers Fund (a local children's charity), the United Church of Livonia’s board of trustees, and advisory councils at Cornell Law School and Cornell University.^[1]