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Rocketship X-M

1950 film by Kurt Neumann From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rocketship X-M
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Rocketship X-M (also known as Expedition Moon and originally Rocketship Expedition Moon) is a 1950 American black-and-white science-fiction film from Lippert Pictures, the first outer-space adventure of the post-World War II era. The film was produced and directed by Kurt Neumann and stars Lloyd Bridges, Osa Massen, John Emery, Noah Beery Jr., Hugh O'Brian and Morris Ankrum.

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Rocketship X-M tells the story of a Moon expedition gone awry. Through a series of unforeseen events, the expedition's crew find themselves on Mars. They discover the remnants of a Martian civilization destroyed long ago by atomic war and now reverted to barbarism.[2]

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Plot

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Four men and a woman blast into outer space from the White Sands Proving Ground aboard the RX-M (Rocketship Expedition-Moon) on humanity's first expedition to the Moon. Halfway there, after surviving their jettisoned and runaway first stage and a meteoroid storm, their engines suddenly quit. Recalculating fuel ratios and swapping around their multiple, different fuels corrects the problem, supposedly allowing continuing to the Moon. When the engines are reignited, the RX-M careens out of control on a rapid heading beyond the Moon. The increased acceleration causes the crew to lose consciousness. Reviving days later, they discover that they have traveled 50,000,000 miles, and the RX-M is now just 50,000 miles away from Mars.

At this point the film changes from black and white to tinted red.

The RX-M safely passes through the Martian atmosphere and lands. The next morning, the crew, clad in aviation oxygen masks because of the low oxygen levels, begin exploring the desolate surface. They find evidence of a dead but advanced Martian civilization: a metal face sculpture and, in the distance, Moderne architecture-style ruins. Their Geiger counter registers dangerous radiation levels that reveal that an atomic war occurred on Mars in the distant past.

Finding cave refuge, the crew notice in the distance the primitive human descendants of that civilization emerging from behind boulders and creeping toward them. Soon after leaving, two of the explorers encounter a blind woman who screams upon hearing their oxygen mask-distorted voices. The radiation-burned tribesmen attack, throwing large rocks and stone axes. Armed with only a revolver and a bolt-action rifle, the explorers defend themselves, purposely missing the primitives. Major Corrigan is killed by a large rock thrown by the primitives. Moments later, Dr. Eckstrom is killed by a stone axe. Navigator Chamberlain is badly injured by a large thrown rock. Colonel Graham, Dr. Van Horn and Chamberlain finally make their way back to the ship.

At this point the film changes from tinted red to black and white.

As the RX-M nears Earth, the three survivors (Graham, Van Horn and the unconscious Chamberlain) calculate that they have no fuel to make a landing. Col. Graham contacts their base and reports their dire status to Dr. Fleming. Col. Graham and Dr. Van Horn embrace as the RX-M begins its uncontrolled descent, consoling one another in their remaining moments. Through a porthole, they watch their rapid descent into Nova Scotia.

The press is later informed by a shaken Dr. Fleming that the entire crew has perished. When they ask whether the mission was a failure, he states that all theories about crewed spaceflight and exploration have now been proven and that the receipt of a dire warning from the crew could mean the salvation of humanity.

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Cast

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Production

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Because production issues had delayed the release of George Pal's high-profile Destination Moon, Rocketship X-M was quickly shot in just 18 days on a $94,000 budget; it was then rushed into theaters 25 days before the Pal film, while taking full advantage of Destination Moon's high-profile national publicity.[3]

Given the film's minimal special effects budget and limited shooting days, the surface of Mars was much easier to simulate using remote Southern California locations than creating the airless and cratered surface of the Moon.[3] The location where the crew exits the spacecraft and begins to explore is Zabriskie Point in Death Valley National Park.

The film's original 1950 theatrical release prints had all Mars scenes tinted a pinkish-sepia color.[3] All other scenes are in black-and-white.

The RX-M's design was taken from rocket illustrations that appeared in an article in the January 17, 1949 issue of Life magazine.[4] The interior structure of the spaceship's larger second stage is shown as having a long ladder that the crew must climb; it runs "up" through the RX-M's fuel compartment, which has on all sides a series of narrow fuel tanks filled with various propulsion chemicals. By selecting and mixing them together in various proportions, different levels of thrust are attainable from the RX-M's engines. The crew ladder ends at a round pressure hatch in the middle of a bulkhead floor that leads to the crew's upper living and control compartment.[3]

Instruments and technical equipment were supplied by Allied Aircraft Company of North Hollywood.[2]

Historical and factual accuracy

The five Mars explorers wear U.S. military surplus clothing, including overalls and aviator's leather jackets.[2] It has been noted in other film reviews that the explorers are wearing gas masks, but gas masks would include goggles to protect the eyes. Due to the thin Martian atmosphere, the explorers are actually wearing military oxygen breathing apparatuses like those used by military firefighters.[4]

Various scientific curiosities and errors are seen during the film:

With less than 15 minutes to go until launch, the RX-M's crew are still in the midst of a leisurely press conference being held at a base building. From its launch pad, the RX-M blasts straight up, and once it leaves the Earth's atmosphere, the ship makes a hard 90-degree turn to place the RX-M into Earth orbit. Its speed at an altitude of 360 miles is stated to be 3,400 mph (1.5 km/s); in fact at that height orbital velocity is 18,783 mph (8.397 km/s) (though escape velocity is approximately correctly stated to be 25,000 mph (11 km/s)). Simultaneously with that turn, the crew cabin rotates within the RX-M's hull, around its lateral axis, so the ship's cabin deck is always facing "down", orienting the audience. Though objects are purposely shown to float free to demonstrate a lack of gravity, none of the five crew members float, apparently unaffected by weightlessness.[3]

The RX-M's jettisoned first stage, with its engine still firing, and a later meteoroid storm (inaccurately referred to in dialog as meteorites) both make audible roaring sounds in the soundless vacuum of space that can be heard inside the crew compartment. The clusters of those fast moving meteoroids appear identical in shape and detail (actually, the same prop meteoroids were shot from different angles and positions, then optically printed in tandem, at different sizes, on the film's master negative).[3]

A point is made in dialog that the RX-M is carrying more than "double" the amount of rocket fuel and oxygen needed to make a successful round trip and landing on the Moon; while impractical for various reasons, this detail becomes a convenient, then necessary plot device in making the later Mars story line more believable.[3]

Several scenes in Rocketship X-M involving the interaction between the RX-M's sole female crew member, scientist Dr. Lisa Van Horn, her male crew, the launch site staff, and the press corps provide cultural insights into early 1950s sexist attitudes toward women. One notable scene involves Van Horn and expedition leader (and fellow scientist) Dr. Karl Eckstrom rushing to recalculate fuel mixtures after their initial propulsion problems. When they come up with different figures, expedition leader Eckstrom insists they must proceed using his numbers. Van Horn objects to this arbitrary decision, but submits, and Eckstrom forgives her for "momentarily being a woman". Subsequent events prove Eckstrom's "arbitrary decision" to be wrong, placing them all in jeopardy.[3]

Lippert's feature was the first film drama to explore the dangers of nuclear warfare and atomic radiation through the lens of science fiction; these became recurrent themes in many 1950s science fiction films that followed.[3] Dalton Trumbo, black-listed during the McCarthy era, script doctored the film's Red Planet sequence, adding the horror of an atomic war having occurred on Mars; his name does not appear in the film credits.[5][citation needed]

New footage added

Rocketship X-M was rushed to market to be in theaters before the more lavishly produced but delayed Destination Moon that was finally released 25 days later. A lack of both time and budget forced RX-M's producers to omit special effects scenes and substitute stock footage of American V-2 rocket launches and flight to complete some sequences that otherwise would have been made using the Rocketship X-M special effects miniature. These V-2 inserts created very noticeable continuity issues.[4]

In the 1970s the rights to Rocketship X-M were acquired by Kansas City film exhibitor, movie theater owner (and later video distributor) Wade Williams, who set about having some of RX-M's special effects scenes reshot in order to improve the film's overall continuity.[4] The VHS tape, LaserDisc, and DVD releases incorporate this re-shot footage. Williams funded the production of new footage to replace the stock V-2 shots and a few missing scenes. All new footage was produced for Wade Williams Productions by Bob Burns III, his wife Kathy Burns, former Disney designer/artist Tom Scherman, Academy Award winner Dennis Muren, Emmy Award nominee Michael Minor, and Academy Award winner Robert Skotak. Costumes were re-made that closely replicated those worn by the film's explorers, and a new, screen accurate Rocketship X-M effects miniature was built.[4]

The new replacement shots consist of the RX-M flying through space; it landing tail first on the Red Planet; a different shot of the crew heading away from the RX-M to explore the stark Martian surface; the surviving explorers quickly returning to their nearby spaceship, and the RX-M later blasting off from Mars into space. These six replacement shots were filmed near Los Angeles in color, then converted to black-and-white and re-tinted where necessary to match the original film footage. (Unlike the DVD release, the earlier LaserdDisc of Rocketship X-M contains extra bonus material documenting the making of the film and the creation of this new footage.) The film's production and the making of these new scenes were also presented in RX-M feature articles in both Starlog magazine and later expanded in the first issue (1979) of Starlog's spin-off magazine CineMagic. Prints of the original theatrical release version of RX-M are still stored in Williams' Kansas City film vaults.[4] They have not been converted to a home video format.

Image's 50th Anniversary DVD release (2000), under license from Williams, is oddly missing two of his re-filmed Mars scenes: Lippert's original matte painting scene, which has tiny matted-in figures leaving an obviously painted RX-M, is retained instead of the Williams' re-shot replacement scene that has the five explorers heading away from a convincing RX-M effects miniature standing on a barren Martian plain. A new bridging scene, set at the end of the Mars sequence, showing the surviving explorers hurriedly returning to the RX-M, is also missing from Image's DVD.

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Music

The soundtrack was written by American composer Ferde Grofé, who used a theremin in portions of the score. This was the first use of an electronic musical instrument in a science-fiction film. The theremin would later become strongly identified with the genre.[3] During the film's post-production, Grofé's score was conducted by film and TV composer/arranger Albert Glasser. The soundtrack was first released in 1977.[4] The CD version of the soundtrack was released in 2012.

  1. Main Title (1:21)
  2. Good Luck (1:53)
  3. Stand by to Turn (0:50)
  4. The Motors Conk Out (2:55)
  5. Palomar Observatory (1:11)
  6. Floyd Whispers (1:57)
  7. Floyd and Lisa at Window (2:56)
  8. We See Mars (2:06)
  9. The Landing on Mars (3:17)
  10. The Ruins (3:10)
  11. I Saw the Martians (1:02)
  12. The Atomic Age to Stone Age/The Chase (4:59)
  13. The Tanks Are Empty (3:37)
  14. The Crash (3:22)
  15. End Title (0:59)
  16. Noodling on the Theremin (1:35) (bonus track)
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Awards

Retro Hugo Award: Rocketship X-M was nominated in 2001 for the 1951 Retro Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, being one of the science fiction films eligible during calendar year 1950, exactly 50 years after the film's first release. (50 years, 75 years, or 100 years prior is the eligibility requirement governing the awarding of Retro Hugos.)

In popular culture

The film was featured in an episode of the television series Mystery Science Theater 3000. Rocketship X-M stands as an important episode in the show's history, showcasing iconic set redesigns as well as the introduction of Kevin Murphy and Frank Conniff to their long-running performance roles as Tom Servo and TV's Frank.[6]

See also

References

External links

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