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Rockport, Maine

Town in Maine, United States From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rockport, Mainemap
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Rockport is a town in Knox County, Maine, United States. It is 35 miles (56.3 km) southeast of Augusta. The population was 3,644 at the 2020 census.[2] Rockport is a popular tourist destination and art colony.

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History

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Indigenous heritage

Prior to European settlement, the area that is now Rockport was part of the traditional territory of the Wabanaki Confederacy, specifically the Penobscot Nation. The Penobscot people called themselves Pαnawάhpskewi, meaning "the people of where the white rocks extend out," and were part of the broader Wabanaki ("People of the First Light" or "Dawnland") alliance that included the Abenaki, Passamaquoddy, Maliseet, and Mi'kmaq nations. The area was known to Native peoples as part of the Megunticook region, from a Wabanaki name meaning "great sea swells." Indigenous peoples are thought to have inhabited Maine and surrounding areas for at least 11,000 years, with a hunting-gathering society that utilized the rich coastal and forest resources of Penobscot Bay.

Early settlement

Rockport, originally known as "the River" and later as Goose River Village, was first settled by Europeans in 1769 by Robert Thorndike.[3][4] The area was initially part of the Megunticook Plantation, which was incorporated as Camden in 1791.[5]

Industrial development

Lime industry dominance

Rockport became a major center for lime production during the 19th century, capitalizing on extensive local limestone deposits. Shipbuilding, ice harvesting, and the manufacture of lime were the town's primary early industries.[5] The limestone deposits in the Thomaston-Rockland-Rockport area were both high-quality and conveniently located near the coast, making them easily transportable by ship.[6]

At the height of the industry, Rockport's lime kilns operated around the clock, 365 days a year, converting limestone from fifteen local quarries into lime for mortar and plaster.[7] In 1817, three hundred casks of lime from Rockport were shipped to Washington, D.C. for use in rebuilding the United States Capitol, which had been damaged by the British during the War of 1812.[8]

Ice industry

Rockport also became renowned for its ice harvesting operations. The annual harvest of Lily Pond produced 50,000 tons of clear ice that was shipped worldwide. Rockport Ice Company became known for its "Lily Pond Ice," which was so clear that one could read a newspaper through a thick slab of it.[9]

Municipal development

In 1852, the citizens of Goose River Village voted to change their community's name to Rockport, reflecting the area's rocky coastal terrain.[10]

Separation from Camden

On February 25, 1891, Rockport officially separated from Camden following a dispute known as "The Bridge Question" over the cost of constructing a bridge. The newly independent town of Rockport gained half of Camden's population, three-quarters of its land area, and control of the profitable lime and ice industries.[11]

Industrial decline

The lime industry's dominance began to wane in the early 20th century. A devastating fire in 1907 destroyed many of the waterfront lime kilns, occurring at a time when cement was beginning to replace lime in building construction.[12] Another significant fire starting in the lime sheds spread across the harbor to the ice houses, effectively ending both industries. Neither was ever rebuilt, marking the beginning of Rockport's economic transition.[13]

Cultural and artistic development

Arts community establishment

Rockport developed a significant reputation as an artists' community during the 20th century. Mary Louise Curtis Bok, who was instrumental in founding both Bay Chamber Concerts and the Curtis Institute of Music, became one of Rockport's largest landowners and played a role in developing the landscaping around the village's inner harbor, at one time owning most of the eastern shore.[14]

Bay Chamber Concerts was established in 1961 as a continuation of the summer music instruction program of the Curtis Institute.[15] Mary Lea Park, adjacent to the Rockport Opera House, honors both Curtis Bok and Rockport resident violinist Lea Luboshutz.

Modern era

Historic preservation

The lime kilns at Rockport Marine Park represent the last remaining multiple-kiln collection on the Maine coast. These kilns were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and restoration efforts have continued to preserve this industrial heritage.[16] The kilns are now part of Rockport Marine Park, which also includes a preserved Vulcan locomotive that transported limestone from local quarries to the harbor for processing.

Contemporary recognition and tourism

From 1961 to 1986, Rockport gained national attention through Andre the Seal, a harbor seal adopted as a pup by local harbormaster Harry Goodridge. Andre developed a unique migration pattern, spending winters at aquariums in Boston and Connecticut before returning each spring to Rockport Harbor. The seal attracted visitors and media coverage, becoming the subject of books, a 1994 feature film, and PBS documentaries.[17] A statue of Andre was dedicated in Rockport Marine Park in 1978, with the seal himself present at the unveiling. In 2018, the community raised funds for a $14,000 restoration of the limestone statue.[18]

In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Rockport first on its list of America's prettiest towns.[19]

Current status

Today, Rockport continues to operate as an arts community and tourist destination, with institutions such as the Maine Media Workshops, the Rockport Opera House, and various art galleries. The town maintains a balance between preservation of its industrial heritage and contemporary development.

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Geography

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According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 33.34 square miles (86.35 km2), of which 21.64 square miles (56.05 km2) is land and 11.70 square miles (30.30 km2) is water.[1] Drained by Varnah Brook and Goose River, Rockport is located beside Penobscot Bay and the Gulf of Maine, part of the Atlantic Ocean.

The town is crossed by U. S. Route 1 and state routes 17 and 90. It borders the towns of Rockland to the south, Warren to the southwest, Union to the west, Hope to the northwest, and Camden to the north.

Climate

This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Rockport has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.[20]

More information Climate data for West Rockport, Maine, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1937–present, Month ...
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Demographics

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More information Census, Pop. ...

2010 census

As of the census[24] of 2010, there were 3,330 people, 1,422 households, and 967 families residing in the town. The population density was 153.9 inhabitants per square mile (59.4/km2). There were 1,956 housing units at an average density of 90.4 per square mile (34.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.6% White, 0.3% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.4% Asian, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.

There were 1,422 households, of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.0% were non-families. Of all households, 25.6% were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.80.

The median age in the town was 48.8 years. 22% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.8% were from 25 to 44; 35.8% were from 45 to 64; and 19.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.2% male and 51.8% female.

2000 census

In the 2000 census, there were 3,209 people, 1,373 households and 918 families in the town. The population density was 147.8 inhabitants per square mile (57.1/km2). There were 1,677 housing units at an average density of 77.2 per square mile (29.8/km2). The racial makeup was 98.69% White, 0.16% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.19% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.75% of the population.

There were 1,373 households, of which 29.6% had children under 18 living with them, 56.2% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. Of all households, 27.7% were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.5% under 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 28.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 or older. The median age was 43. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 89.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $47,155, and the median for a family $56,068. Males had a median of $35,865 versus $25,542 for females. The per capita income for the town was $25,498. About 5.4% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.2% of those under 18 and 7.3% of those 65 or over.

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Sites of interest

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Tidal Island
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View of the harbor
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McCobb Spite House

Education

Notable people

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References

External links

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