Rytwiany

Rytwiany^[2][3] [rɨtˈfjanɨ] is a village in Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland.^[4] It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Rytwiany. It lies on the Czarna Staszowska river, approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Staszów and 58 km (36 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Rytwiany
Village
Camaldolese monastery complex
Coat of arms
Rytwiany
Coordinates: 50°31′45″N 21°12′21″E
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Świętokrzyskie
County	Staszów
Gmina	Rytwiany
Elevation	178.7 m (586.3 ft)
Population  (31 December 2009 at Census)[1]
• Total	1,827
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	28-236
Area code	+48 15
Vehicle registration	TSZ
Website	http://www.rytwiany.com.pl/

History

Rytwiany, which belongs to the historic province of Lesser Poland, has a rich and long history. First documented owner of the village was a nobleman named Piotr Bogoria Skotnicki (13th century), and across the centuries, Rytwiany belonged to a number of owners, including Cardinal Wojciech Jastrzębiec, Hieronymus Jaroslaw Łaski, the Lubomirski family, the Potocki family, the Radziwiłł family, and several others.

In 1425–1436, Bishop Jastrzębiec built a defensive Gothic castle in Rytwiany, surrounded by the swamps of the Czarna river. The castle, partly destroyed in 1657 (see Deluge) was inhabited until the 19th century, then fell into a ruin, to be finally demolished in 1859. All that now remains of it is a fortified tower. In the early 17th century, when the village and the castle belonged to the Tęczyński family, it was a cultural center of the region. In 1621, upon request of Jan Tęczyński, Camaldolese monks settled here, building an abbey and a church. The monks moved to Warsaw in 1819, and their church now serves as a local parish church. In the late 19th century, the Radziwiłł family, who were the last owners of the village, built here a palace, which was remodelled in 2005 and now is a hotel.

During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), the Polish resistance movement was active in the village, and Polish underground press was distributed in Rytwiany.^[5]

Demography

According to the 2002 Poland census, there were 1,672 people residing in Rytwiany village, of whom 49.5% were male and 50.5% were female. In the village, the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 37.7% from 18 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older.^[1]

Table 1. Population level of village in 2002 — by age group^[1]

SPECIFICATION					Measure unit	POPULATION (by age group in 2002)
						TOTAL	0-9	10-19	20-29	30-39	40-49	50-59	60-69	70-79	80 +
I.	TOTAL				person	1,672	191	254	248	222	259	184	141	120	53
	—	of which in			%	100	11.4	15.2	14.8	13.3	15.5	11	8.4	7.2	3.2
	1.	BY SEX
		A.	Males		person	828	96	134	128	119	134	97	57	51	12
			—	of which in	%	49.5	5.7	8	7.7	7.1	8	5.8	3.4	3.1	0.7
		B.	Females		person	844	95	120	120	103	125	87	84	69	41
			—	of which in	%	50.5	5.7	7.2	7.2	6.2	7.5	5.2	5	4.1	2.5

Figure 1. Population pyramid of village in 2002 — by age group and sex^[1]

Table 2. Population level of village in 2002 — by sex^[1]

SPECIFICATION						Measure unit	POPULATION (by sex in 2002)
							TOTAL	Males	Females
I.	TOTAL					person	1,672	828	844
	—	of which in				%	100	49.5	50.5
	1.	BY AGE GROUP
		A.	At pre-working age			person	397	207	190
			—	of which in		%	23.7	12.4	11.3
		B.	At working age. grand total			person	985	525	460
			—	of which in		%	58.9	31.4	27.5
			a.	at mobile working age		person	630	330	300
				—	of which in	%	37.7	19.8	17.9
			b.	at non-mobile working age		person	355	195	160
				—	of which in	%	21.2	11.7	9.5
		C.	At post-working age			person	290	96	194
			—	of which in		%	17.3	5.7	11.6