Río Frías Formation

Río Frías Formation (Spanish: Formación Río Frías) is a Middle Miocene geologic formation made up sedimentary rock located in Aysén Region, western Patagonia. The formation crops out along the upper course of Cisnes River (Spanish: Río Cisnes).^[1] Marsupial fossils have been found in the formation.^[2] The Friasian period in the South American Land Mammal Ages is named after the formation.^[3]

Río Frías Formation
Stratigraphic range: Middle Miocene (Friasian) ~16.5–15.5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Type	Geological formation
Overlies	Ñirehuao Formation
Lithology
Primary	Tuff, tuffite, siltstone, unconsolidated sand, conglomerate
Location
Coordinates	44.6°S 71.2°W / -44.6; -71.2
Approximate paleocoordinates	45.2°S 66.3°W / -45.2; -66.3
Region	Aysén Region
Country	Chile
Extent	Aysén Basin
Type section
Named for	Río Frías
Named by	Santiago Roth
Year defined	1898
Río Frías Formation (Chile)

Description

Río Frías Formation was discovered by Santiago Roth in the summer of 1897–98. Roth was a Swiss immigrant who had been sent to survey the area by Francisco Moreno. Moreno was director of La Plata Museum and was involved in the Cordillera of the Andes Boundary Case between Chile and Argentina, thus there was both a political and scientific motivation behind the exploration of Patagonia. Santiago Roth called the upper course of Río Cisnes for Río Frías being unaware that it was the same river. Further he thought this unexplored area to be in Argentina and not in Chile. This led the formation to acquire its name.^[1] Roth sent fossils he collected from the formation to Florentino Ameghino who was active at La Plata. It was with this fossils Ameghino established the Friasian period.^[1] Later research on ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar data revealed the base of the formation dating to 16.5 Ma, which means a slight overlap with the Santacrucian land mammal age (ending at 16.3 Ma).^[4] The formation was deposited in a fluvial environment, characterized by an intermontane valley flanked by Cretaceous basement rocks.^[5]

Fossil content

The following fossils have been found in the formation:

Group	Fossils	Image	Notes
Mammals	Astrapotherium hesperinum		[6][7]
	Prothylacinus patagonicus
	Adinotherium sp.
	Nesodon sp.
	Protypotherium sp.
	Borhyaena tuberata
	Theosodon sp.
	Cladosictis patagonica
	Pachyrukhos sp.
	Homalodotherium sp.
	Abderites meridionalis, Alloiomys friasensis, Megathericulus friasensis, Microbiotherium tehuelchum, Parabderites bicrispatus, Palaeothentes intermedius, P. lemoinei, P. minutus, Pichipilus halleuxi, Pitheculites rothi, Prototrigodon rothi, Sipalocyon gracilis, Neonematherium sp., Phoenixauchenia sp., ?Propalaehoplophorus sp., Prozaedyus sp., Trachytypotherium sp., Platyrrhini indet.