Excitatory amino acid transporter 3

Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC1A1 gene.^[5][6]

SLC1A1
Identifiers
Aliases	SLC1A1, EAAC1, EAAT3, SCZD18, DCBXA, solute carrier family 1 member 1
External IDs	OMIM: 133550; MGI: 105083; HomoloGene: 20881; GeneCards: SLC1A1; OMA:SLC1A1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 9 (human)[1] Band 9p24.2 Start 4,490,468 bp[1] End 4,587,469 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 19 (mouse)[2] Band 19|19 C1 Start 28,812,449 bp[2] End 28,891,360 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in corpus epididymis jejunal mucosa mucosa of ileum kidney tubule pancreatic ductal cell duodenum decidua lower lobe of lung postcentral gyrus endothelial cell Top expressed in retinal pigment epithelium subiculum right kidney lateral geniculate nucleus human kidney lumbar subsegment of spinal cord medial geniculate nucleus Region I of hippocampus proper proximal tubule lateral septal nucleus More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function cysteine transmembrane transporter activity protein binding symporter activity L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity glutamate binding amino acid transmembrane transporter activity high-affinity glutamate transmembrane transporter activity chloride transmembrane transporter activity glutamate:sodium symporter activity metal ion binding Cellular component integral component of membrane membrane plasma membrane apical plasma membrane extracellular exosome integral component of plasma membrane early endosome membrane recycling endosome membrane Biological process chemical synaptic transmission D-aspartate import across plasma membrane ion transport positive regulation of heart rate glutamate secretion cysteine transport protein homooligomerization L-glutamate import L-glutamate transmembrane transport cysteine transmembrane transport L-aspartate import across plasma membrane chloride transmembrane transport L-glutamate import across plasma membrane amino acid transport transport Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 6505 20510 Ensembl ENSG00000106688 ENSMUSG00000024935 UniProt P43005 P51906 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_004170 NM_009199 RefSeq (protein) NP_004161 NP_033225 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 4.49 – 4.59 Mb Chr 19: 28.81 – 28.89 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Tissue distribution

EAAT3 is expressed on the plasma membrane of neurons, specifically on the dendrites and axon terminals.^[7]

Function

Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 is a member of the high-affinity glutamate transporters which plays an essential role in transporting glutamate across plasma membranes in neurons. In the brain, excitatory amino acid transporters are crucial in terminating the postsynaptic action of the neurotransmitter glutamate, and in maintaining extracellular glutamate concentrations below neurotoxic levels. EAAT3 also transports aspartate, and mutations in this gene are thought to cause dicarboxylic aminoaciduria, also known as glutamate-aspartate transport defect.^[6] EAAT3 is also the major route of neuronal cysteine uptake. Cysteine is a component of the major antioxidant glutathione, and mice lacking EAAT3 exhibit reduced levels of glutathione in neurons, increased oxidative stress, and age-dependent loss of neurons, especially neurons of the substantia nigra. A meta-analysis identified a small but significant association between a polymorphism of the gene SLC1A1 and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.^[8]

Interactions

SLC1A1 has been shown to interact with ARL6IP5.^[9]

See also

• Excitatory amino acid transporter
• Glutamate transporter
• Solute carrier family