Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2

The sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC5A2 (solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter)) gene.^[5]

SLC5A2
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 7VSI, 7YNK, 7YNJ
Identifiers
Aliases	SLC5A2, SGLT2, solute carrier family 5 member 2
External IDs	OMIM: 182381; MGI: 2181411; HomoloGene: 2289; GeneCards: SLC5A2; OMA:SLC5A2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 16 (human)[1] Band 16p11.2 Start 31,483,002 bp[1] End 31,490,860 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 7 (mouse)[2] Band 7|7 F3 Start 127,864,829 bp[2] End 127,871,602 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in kidney tubule human kidney testicle glomerulus metanephric glomerulus gonad epithelium of colon left testis right testis bone marrow cells Top expressed in right kidney human kidney molar mucous cell of stomach supraoptic nucleus ventromedial nucleus crypt of lieberkuhn of small intestine epithelium of small intestine primary motor cortex globus pallidus More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function low-affinity glucose:sodium symporter activity symporter activity transporter activity glucose:sodium symporter activity transmembrane transporter activity Cellular component integral component of membrane plasma membrane extracellular exosome membrane integral component of plasma membrane Biological process carbohydrate transport ion transport glucose transmembrane transport sodium ion transport transmembrane transport hexose transmembrane transport transport carbohydrate metabolic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 6524 246787 Ensembl ENSG00000140675 ENSMUSG00000030781 UniProt P31639 Q923I7 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003041 NM_133254 RefSeq (protein) NP_003032 NP_573517 Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 31.48 – 31.49 Mb Chr 7: 127.86 – 127.87 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

SGLT2 is a member of the sodium glucose cotransporter family, which are sodium-dependent glucose transport proteins. SGLT2 is the major cotransporter involved in glucose reabsorption in the kidney.^[6] SGLT2 is located in the early proximal tubule, and is responsible for reabsorption of 80-90% of the glucose filtered by the kidney glomerulus.^[7] Most of the remaining glucose absorption is by sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) in more distal sections of the proximal tubule.^[8]

SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes

Main article: SGLT2 inhibitor

SGLT2 inhibitors are also called gliflozins or flozins. They lead to a reduction in blood glucose levels, and therefore have potential use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Gliflozins enhance glycemic control as well as reduce body weight and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.^[9] The gliflozins canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin may lead to euglycemic ketoacidosis.^[10][11] Other side effects of gliflozins include increased risk of Fournier gangrene^[12] and of (generally mild) genital infections such as candidal vulvovaginitis.^[13]

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene are also associated with renal glycosuria.^[14]

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were associated with significant long-term reductions in mortality risk for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), according to an observational cohort study.^[15] The study revealed that after one year, 8.1% of PAH patients prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors had died, compared to 15.5% of those who did not take the medication.

See also

• SGLT Family
• Discovery and development of gliflozins
• Phlorizin — a competitive inhibitor of SGLT1 and SGLT2