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SMS S52 (1915)
V25-class torpedo boat From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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SMS S52[a][b] was a V25-class torpedo boat of the Imperial German Navy. Ordered immediately after the outbreak of the First World War, S52 was built by Schichau-Werke, at their Elbing shipyard. She was launched on 12 June 1915 and completed in September that year.
S52 served with the German High Seas Fleet, operating in the North Sea and the English Channel, and took part in the Battle of Jutland on 31 May–1 June 1916. At the end of the war, S52 was interned at Scapa Flow and was scuttled on 21 June 1919. The ship was raised in 1924, and was broken up for scrap.
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Construction and design
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On 6 August 1914, as a result of the outbreak of the First World War, the Imperial German Navy placed orders for 48 high-seas torpedo-boats, with 18, including S52, to be built by Schichau-Werke, as part of the 1914 mobilisation order.[2][3] These ships were based on the last torpedo boats ordered before the outbreak of war, the V25-class.[3] S52 was laid down at Schichau's Elbing (now Elbląg in Poland) as yard number 942,[4] was launched on 12 June 1915 and commissioned on 28 September 1915.[5]
The ship was 79.6 metres (261 ft 2 in) long overall and 79.0 metres (259 ft 2 in) at the waterline, with a beam of 8.36 metres (27 ft 5 in) and a draught of 3.64 metres (11 ft 11 in). Displacement was 802 tonnes (789 long tons) normal and 1,074 tonnes (1,057 long tons) deep load.[4] Three oil-fired water-tube boilers fed steam to 2 sets of direct-drive steam turbines rated at 24,000 metric horsepower (24,000 shp; 18,000 kW), giving a speed of 34.0 knots (63.0 km/h; 39.1 mph). 252 tonnes (248 long tons) of fuel oil was carried, giving a range of 1,605 nautical miles (2,972 km; 1,847 mi) at 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) and 1,270 nautical miles (2,350 km; 1,460 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph).[2][6]
Armament originally consisted of three 8.8 cm SK L/45 naval guns in single mounts,[c][d] together with six 50 cm (19.7 in) torpedo tubes with two fixed single tubes forward and 2 twin mounts aft. Up to 24 mines could be carried.[2][10] The ship had a complement of 85 officers and men.[2]
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Service
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1915
Between 16 and 18 November 1915, S52, part of the 17th torpedo-boat half-flotilla,[e] was one of 18 torpedo boats that carried out a sortie into the Skagerrak to intercept merchant shipping.[12][13] The 9th Torpedo-Boat Flotilla continued to carry out operations against merchant shipping through the rest of the year, with eleven torpedo boats of the 9th Flotilla and six from the 2nd Flotilla making a sweep through the Skagerrak on 29–30 November,[12][14] 20 torpedo boats from the 2nd, 6th and 9th Flotillas sortieing to the Skagerrak on 5–6 December,[12] and the 9th Flotilla sortieing into the Kattegat on 16–17 December.[12][15]
1916
On 10 February 1916, S52 took part in a sortie by 25 torpedo boats of the 2nd, 6th and 9th Torpedo-boat Flotillas into the North Sea.[12][16] The sortie led to an encounter between several German torpedo boats and British minesweepers off the Dogger Bank, which resulted in the British minesweeper Arabis being torpedoed and sunk by ships of the 2nd Flotilla.[17][18] On 24 April 1916, the German battlecruisers of I Scouting Group and the light cruisers of the II Scouting Group set out from Kiel on a mission to bombard the British East-coast towns of Yarmouth and Lowestoft, with the torpedo boats of the 6th and 9th Torpedo Boat Flotillas as escorts, and S52 as part of the 9th Flotilla.[19] The battleships of the High Seas Fleet were deployed in support, with the hope of destroying isolated elements of the British Forces if they tried to intercept. There was a brief engagement between the German forces and the light cruisers and destroyers of the Harwich Force, which caused the German battlecruisers to break off the bombardment of Lowestoft, but rather than take the chance to destroy the outnumbered British force, the Germans chose to retire.[20]
S52 participated in the Battle of Jutland as part of the 17th Half Flotilla of the 9th Flotilla,[21] which was tasked with supporting the German battlecruisers.[22] During the so-called "run to the south", at about 17:26 CET (16:26 GMT), the 9th Flotilla, including S52, carried out a torpedo attack against the British battlecruisers, but British destroyers launched an attack against the German battlecruiser force, which disrupted the German attack. S52 fired a single torpedo at the British battlecruisers during this attack, which, like all the German torpedoes launched during this phase of the battle, missed its target.[23] Later during the afternoon, at about 19:00 CET, the 9th Flotilla attempted another torpedo attack against British battlecruisers, which was curtailed by poor visibility and an attack by British destroyers, with S52 launching a single torpedo.[24][25] From about 20:15 CET (19:15 GMT), S52 took part in a large-scale torpedo attack by the 6th and 9th Torpedo Boat Flotillas on the British fleet in order to cover the outnumbered German battleships' turn away from the British line. The German torpedo boats came under heavy fire from British battleships, with S52 receiving minor splinter damage from near misses from heavy shells, with one crew member killed and one wounded. She fired three torpedoes at the British battle line, which missed their targets.[26][27] During the night of the battle, S52, which had no torpedoes left, took station with the damaged V28 and S51 with the battleships of I Battle Squadron while the remaining five torpedo boats of the 9th Flotilla took station with the cruiser Rostock.[28] Later that night, S52 was ordered to join up with the damaged battlecruiser Lützow, but failed to find the battlecruiser, instead encountering the British 11th Destroyer Flotilla, led by the cruiser Castor. Castor opened fire on the German torpedo boat and attempted to ram, but S52 managed to avoid the cruiser and escaped behind a smoke screen.[29][30]
S52 was part of the 9th Torpedo Boat Flotilla during the inconclusive Action of 19 August 1916, when the German High Seas Fleet sailed to cover a sortie of the battlecruisers of the 1st Scouting Group.[31]
Flanders
In October 1916, the 3rd and 9th Torpedo Boat Flotillas were ordered to reinforce the German naval forces based in Flanders, in order to disrupt the Dover Barrage, a series of anti submarine minefields and nets that attempted to stop U-boats from operating in the English Channel, and to directly attack cross-Channel shipping. The twenty torpedo boats of the two flotillas, including S52, still part of the 17th Half Flotilla of the 9th Flotilla, left Wilhelmshaven on 23 October, reaching Belgium the next day.[32][33][34] The 9th Flotilla took part in a large scale raid into the English Channel on the night of 26/27 October 1916, and was assigned the role of attacking Allied shipping while other torpedo boats went after the Dover Barrage, with the 17th half-flotilla,[f] including S51, to operate north and west of the Varne Bank.[36][35] The 17th half-flotilla stopped the British transport The Queen off the Varne,[37] and after The Queen's crew had abandoned ship, S60 sank the transport with a torpedo.[38] On the return journey, the 17th half-flotilla encountered the British destroyer Nubian, and opened fire. A torpedo from S36 badly damaged Nubian.[39][40] After breaking contact with the immobile Nubian, the 17th half-flotilla then spotted the British destroyer Amazon and hit Amazon twice with gunfire, disabling two boilers and a gun.[41] Other German units sank several drifters and the old destroyer Flirt.[42] The 9th Flotilla continued to operate from Flanders, attacking shipping off the coast of the Netherlands on 1 November.[43] On the night of 23/24 November, S52 took part in a raid by torpedo boats of the 9th Flotilla and the "Z" half-flotilla against the shipping anchorage of The Downs,[g] but after a brief clash with drifters near the north entrance to The Downs, abandoned attempts to attack shipping, and shelled shore targets.[h][47][48][46] The 9th Flotilla, including S52, returned to Germany on 30 November 1917.[49][50]
1917–1918
By late April 1917, the torpedo boats of the 9th Torpedo Boat Flotilla had been fitted for minesweeping and their crews trained in that task, and became increasingly dedicated to minesweeping.[51] S52 remained part of the 17th half-flotilla of the 9th Torpedo Boat Flotilla at the end of April 1918.[52] On 3 October 1918, the 9th Torpedo Boat Flotilla was covering the operations of Sperrbrechers that were escorting German submarines through minefields when the torpedo boat S34 struck a mine and quickly sank. Boats from V28 and S33 rescued the survivors from S34. The British submarine L10 then torpedoed S33, but then lost control of her trim and surfaced and was engaged and sank by S33, S52, S60 and V79. S33 could not be saved and was scuttled with a torpedo.[53][54][55] S52 remained part of the 17th half-flotilla of the 9th Torpedo Boat Flotilla at the end of the war.[11]
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Fate
After the end of the war, in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice of 11 November 1918, S52 was interned at Scapa Flow in Orkney. S52 was scuttled along with most of the rest of the High Seas Fleet on 21 June 1919 in Gutter Sound. The salvage rights on the wreck of S52 was purchased by Cox and Danks, and S52 was raised on 13 October 1924 and scrapped at Inverkeithing in 1925.[5][56][57]
Notes
- "SMS" stands for "Seiner Majestät Schiff" (transl. His Majesty's Ship)
- The "S" in S52 denoted the shipbuilder who constructed her, in this case Schichau-Werke.[1]
- The 17th half-flotilla was itself part of the 9th Torpedo-Boat Flotilla.[11]
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