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SS Atlantic Conveyor
British merchant navy ship From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Atlantic Conveyor was a British Merchant Navy container ship, registered in Liverpool, that was requisitioned by the Ministry of Defence during the Falklands War. She was struck on 25 May 1982 by two Argentine air-launched AM39 Exocet missiles, killing 12 sailors. The ship sank under tow on 28 May, becoming the first British merchant vessel lost to enemy action since the Second World War.
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The wrecksite is designated under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986.[3]
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Atlantic Conveyor was a 14,950 ton roll-on, roll-off container ship owned by Cunard. She was built along with six other container ships, each named with the prefix Atlantic, and each sailing under different national flags by different companies for the Atlantic Container Line consortium.
Falklands war
Along with her sister ship, Atlantic Causeway, Atlantic Conveyor was requisitioned by the Ministry of Defence at the beginning of the Falklands War through the STUFT (ship taken up from trade) system. Because of the short time available, the decision that the ship was not "a high-value unit", and a controversy over whether arming auxiliaries was legal, Atlantic Conveyor was not fitted with either an active or a passive defence system.[4]
The ships were used to carry supplies for the Royal Navy Task Force sent by the British government to retake the Falkland Islands from Argentine occupation. Sailing for Ascension Island on 25 April 1982, Atlantic Conveyor carried a cargo of six Wessex helicopters from 848 Naval Air Squadron and five RAF Chinook HC.1s from No. 18 Squadron RAF. At Ascension, she picked up eight Fleet Air Arm Sea Harriers (809 Squadron) and six RAF Harrier GR.3 jump jets.
One Chinook of B flight No. 18 Squadron RAF left Atlantic Conveyor to support operations on Ascension. With the aircraft stored she then set sail for the South Atlantic. On arrival off the Falklands in mid-May, all of the Harriers were off-loaded to the carriers; the GR.3s going to HMS Hermes while the Sea Harriers were divided amongst the existing squadrons on Hermes and HMS Invincible. With the additional aircraft on Hermes a Lynx HAS.2 helicopter was flown and parked on Atlantic Conveyor on 20 May 1982.
Sinking
On 25 May 1982 (the same day as the loss of HMS Coventry) Atlantic Conveyor was hit by two[4] AM39 Air Launched Exocet missiles fired by two Argentine Navy Super Étendard jet fighters. The mission was led by Captain Roberto Curilovic (call sign 'Tito'), flying Super Etendard 0753/3-A-203, and his wingman, Lieutenant Julio Barraza, (call sign 'Leo') flying in 0754/3-A-204[5] from 2da Escuadrilla Aeronaval de Caza y Ataque.
Both Exocets struck Atlantic Conveyor on the port quarter of the ship. There are conflicting accounts on whether the warheads exploded after penetrating the ship's hull,[6] or on impact.[1] Witness Prince Andrew reported that debris caused "splashes in the water about a quarter of a mile away". He said that the incident "was an experience I shall never forget ... horrific".[7] All the survivors were taken to HMS Hermes.
Because both fuel and ammunition were stored below decks, the incendiary effect of the unburnt propellant from the missiles caused an uncontrollable fire. When the fire had burnt out, the ship was boarded but nothing was recovered. While under tow by the requisitioned tug Irishman, Atlantic Conveyor sank in the early morning of 28 May 1982. Six Westland Wessexes, three Boeing Chinooks, and a Westland Lynx were destroyed by fire;[8] only one Chinook (ZA718 'Bravo November') and one Westland Wessex, were saved.[9] The loss of these helicopters meant that British troops had to march on foot across the Falklands to recapture Stanley.[10]
Lost stores
- Tent accommodation: Four tented camps, incorporating field kitchens and sanitation facilities, with the capacity to accommodate up to 4,500 personnel[11]
- Portable fuelling system and storage: A complete deployable fuel-handling system, comprising six 10-tonne dracones (flexible fuel tanks), together with pumps and hoses for bulk fuel transfer to shore[12]
- Airfield construction materials: Airstrip matting, aluminium surfacing panels, and associated civil engineering equipment intended for the construction of forward operating airstrips[13]
- General stores and munitions: Cluster bombs for Harrier aircraft, along with a range of other ordnance including grenades, anti-tank missiles, small arms ammunition, and logistic stores such as rations, cold-weather clothing, lighting, tools, and desalination units[13]
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Crew
The vessel carried a Merchant Navy crew of 33. This included 12 officers (master, chief officer, second officer, third officer, radio officer, chief engineer, second engineer, two third engineers, fourth engineer, electrician and purser), 10 petty officers (bosun, four mechanics, two first cooks, second cook and baker, second cook and second steward) and 11 ratings (five seamen, three greasers and three assistant stewards). Of the 12 men killed in the sinking of Atlantic Conveyor six were from the Merchant Navy, three from the Royal Fleet Auxiliary and three sailors from the Royal Navy.
The ship's master, Captain Ian Harry North, was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC).[14]
As the last resting place of the remains of those who died, the wreck is designated as a protected place under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986.
The officers' bar on M/V Atlantic Conveyor, built 1984 in Swan Hunter, Wallsend is named "The North Bar" after Captain Ian North.
The ship's replacement was built on Tyneside.
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Further reading
- Charles Drought – N. P. 1840 The Loss of the Atlantic Conveyor (2003) ISBN 1-901231-41-0
- Board of Inquiry into the Loss of SS Atlantic Conveyor
Notes and references
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