Sakura Sakura

This article is about the Japanese folk song. For the Japanese visual novel of the same name, see Sakura Sakura (visual novel).

"Sakura Sakura" (さくら さくら; "Cherry blossoms, cherry blossoms"), also known as "Sakura", is a traditional Japanese folk song depicting spring, the season of cherry blossoms. It is often sung in international settings as a song representative of Japan.^[1]

Score of "Sakura"

Contrary to popular belief, the song did not originate in ancient times; it was a popular, urban melody of the Edo period.

Melody

The "Sakura Sakura" melody has been popular since the Meiji period, and the lyrics in their present form were attached then.^{[citation needed]} The tune uses a pentatonic scale known as the in scale (miyako-bushi pentatonic scale) and is played in quadruple meter and has three parts (ABBAC) which stretch over 14 bars (2 + 4 + 4 + 2 + 2).^[2]

Expressed as diatonic notes in the major scale, the In scale is 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 (1), 10 (3); or the notes E F A B c e^[a] (nominally A minor); or in solfège Mi Fa La Si Do Mi. The melodic scale can either be represented in older Western musical theory by the Phrygian minor or the Phrygian major mode, with the 3rd and 7th notes in the scale omitted.

Because the melody spans a modest range, it is ideally suited to instruments that have a limited pitch range, such as the Native American flute (similar to the shakuhachi).^[3] The melody arranged by Ongaku Torishirabe-gakari was included in Collection of Japanese Koto Music issued in 1888, for beginning koto students in the Tokyo Academy of Music.^[4]

Often, It is the first piece that koto beginners learn because they can play any phrase by picking closer strings without skipping to distant strings.^[2] There are several adjustment methods suitable for the in scale in Koto. Among them, hira-joshi is used for "Sakura".^[2]

Lyrics

The original lyrics^[5] are listed as the second verse in the table below. In 1941, the Ministry of Education published a new verse in Uta no hon (うたのほん 教師用 下) which was listed first, with the original verse listed second.^[6] However, there are various theories about the original lyrics. According to one theory, it is said that "Sakura Sakura" is a parody of "Saita sakura".^[7] "Saita sakura" is thought to have been made as a Japanese koto song in during the Edo period. (Lyrics: さいた桜　花見て戻る　吉野は桜　龍田は紅葉　唐崎の松　常盤常盤　深みどり)^[8][9]

Symbolism of Sakura (cherry blossom) is deeply rooted in the culture of Japan. This is because it symbolizes the transience of life and impermanence. For Buddhists, the five petals of Prunus yedoensis represent the five skandas that traditionally make up a human being; they arise, are beautiful for a brief time, and fall too soon. They are a primary example of the concept of "mono no aware", the beauty of passing things. 'Falling flowers' is a metaphor to represent the warriors who died in battles and souls of the dead.^[10]

Standard	Hiragana	Romaji	Translation
桜　桜 野山も里も 見渡す限り 霞か雲か 朝日に匂う 桜　桜 花ざかり[6] 桜　桜 弥生の空は 見渡す限り 霞か雲か 匂いぞ　出ずる いざや　いざや 見に行かん[11]	さくら　さくら のやま　も　さと　も みわたす　かぎり かすみ　か　くも　か あさひ　に　におう さくら　さくら はな　ざかり さくら　さくら やよい　の　そら　は みわたす　かぎり かすみ　か　くも　か におい　ぞ　いずる いざや　いざや みに　ゆかん	sakura sakura noyama mo sato mo mi-watasu kagiri kasumi ka kumo ka asahi ni niou sakura sakura hana zakari[6] sakura sakura yayoi no sora wa mi-watasu kagiri kasumi ka kumo ka nioi zo izuru izaya izaya mini yukan[11]	Cherry blossoms, cherry blossoms, In fields, mountains and villages As far as the eye can see. Is it mist, or clouds? Fragrant in the rising sun. Cherry blossoms, cherry blossoms, Flowers in full bloom. Cherry blossoms, cherry blossoms, Across the spring sky, As far as the eye can see. Is it mist, or clouds? Fragrant in the air. Come now, come now, Let's go and see them.

In popular culture

• The first lines of the original verse ('sakura sakura yayoi no sora wa mi-watasu kagiri') serve as a prelude to Bon Jovi's song "Tokyo Road" from their second album 7800° Fahrenheit (released in 1985).^[12]
• In the Punch-Out!! games, an instrumental rendition is used for Piston Hondo's opening theme.^[13][14]
• Japanese band Buck-Tick used this melody in live versions of their "Victims of Love" song in the early 1990s.^{[citation needed]}
• Alfred Reed's Fifth Symphony "Sakura" (1994) is based on this folk song.^{[citation needed]}
• British cellist Julian Lloyd Webber and French pianist Jason Kouchak recorded Sakura on Lloyd's album Cello Moods (1998) and presented by Olympic ice skater Yuka Sato in 1999. Kouchak performed his interpretation of Sakura at the Kobe earthquake charity event in 1995 and for Emperor Akihito at London's Victoria and Albert Museum in 1998.^{[citation needed]}
• In 2003, Ōta Jun'ya composed "Sakura, Sakura ~ Japanize Dream" as part of the credits theme for the video game Perfect Cherry Blossom.^[15]
• Dream of the Cherry Blossoms by Keiko Abe, a virtuoso percussionist, is a five-minute piece for marimba that is based on "Sakura Sakura" that has become popular in the marimba repertoire.^{[citation needed]}
• In 2007, it was selected for Nihon no Uta Hyakusen, a collection of songs and nursery rhymes widely beloved in Japan.^{[citation needed]}
• In the early 2010s, Japanese singer Kiyoshi Hikawa performed the second of the two verses of "Sakura Sakura" – the first and (so far) only Enka singer to do so.^{[citation needed]}
• Yukihiro Yoko, a classical guitarist, made an arrangement for his instrument, a theme with variations, in which he uses different guitar techniques to imitate the sound of the koto.^{[citation needed]}
• Babymetal used this melody in their song "Megitsune" (2013).^{[citation needed]}
• In 2013, Marc Edwards recorded an album featuring three 20-minute versions of "Sakura Sakura", in a free jazz electric guitar style.^[16][17][18]
• Many electronic crosswalks in Japan play the melody as "guidance music".^{[citation needed]}
• Headhunterz sampled part of this song for his song "Path of the Hunter" (2017).^{[citation needed]}
• In Kara, a short film/tech demo created by David Cage and his company Quantic Dream about a robot who is built to serve humanity, the robot is asked to "sing something in Japanese", after which she sings this song.^[19] Eventually, this short film was adapted into a video game, Detroit: Become Human. In the game, one of the main characters, Markus – an android, is trying to put himself together in a junkyard. This references the short film when Markus stumbles upon a dying Kara model, the one from the film, that is still singing the song.^[20]
• The song appears in the soundtrack of the video game Total War: Shogun 2, playing during the game's campaign map mode.^{[citation needed]}
• Flutist Jean-Pierre Rampal and harpist Lily Laskine recorded a version for their album Japanese Melodies for Flute and Harp.^{[citation needed]}
• Sakura-Variationen (Sakura Variations) is a 2000 trio composition scored for saxophone, piano, and percussion by Helmut Lachenmann.^{[citation needed]}
• "Sakura Sakura" appeared on Wii Music as one of the song selections in the Jam Mode.^{[citation needed]}
• In the Tokyo area, each train station has its own distinctive jingle used to signal train departures. The jingles for the Komagome and Musashi-Koganei stations are both based on "Sakura Sakura".^{[citation needed]}
• Hololive Production virtual youtuber Akai Haato used this melody in a scary version of the song, jokingly talking about herself.^{[citation needed]}
• In the video game Genshin Impact, the background music (tracks such as "Separated Dream" among others) of Inazuma – an in-game world region inspired by Japan, uses musical arrangements that reference Sakura Sakura.^[21]
• Canis Canem Edit uses a melody based on Sakura Sakura for the ConSumo minigame.^{[citation needed]}
• In Mickey Mouse Mixed-Up Adventures episode, "Hanami Hijinks!", Minnie Mouse sings "Sakura Sakura".