Salon-de-Provence

Salon-de-Provence (French: [salɔ̃ d(ə) pʁɔvɑ̃s], locally [saˈlɔ̃ᵑ də pχoˈvãⁿsə]; Provençal Occitan: Selon de Provença or Seloun de Prouvènço, pronounced [seˈlu de pʀuˈvɛnsɔ]), commonly known as Salon, is a commune located about 52 km (32 mi) northwest of Marseille in the Bouches-du-Rhône department (Metropolis of Aix-Marseille Provence), region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Southern France. It is the home of an important French Air and Space Force (Armée de l'Air et de l'Espace) air base.

Salon-de-Provence Selon de Provença (Occitan)
Commune
A view of Salon-de-Provence, with the church and clock tower
Coat of arms
Location of Salon-de-Provence
Salon-de-Provence Show map of France Salon-de-Provence Show map of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Coordinates: 43°38′26″N 5°05′50″E
Country	France
Region	Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Department	Bouches-du-Rhône
Arrondissement	Aix-en-Provence
Canton	Salon-de-Provence-1 and 2
Intercommunality	Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Nicolas Isnard[1] (LR)
Area 1	70.3 km2 (27.1 sq mi)
Population  (2022)[2]	44,553
• Density	630/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
Demonym(s)	Salonais, salonaise (French) Selonenc, selonenca (Occitan)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	13103 /13300
Elevation	53–325 m (174–1,066 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

History

Salon was a Gallo-Roman oppidum well positioned on the salt trade routes between Adriatic, Atlantic and Mediterranean seas, hence its name. This region was under the Phocaean influence since the sixth century BC, and stretches of the Via Aurelia can still be recognized just outside the town, but the earliest mention of the place under its familiar name is of the ninth century, as Villa Salone. The archbishops of Arles controlled the site.

Its principal claim to fame today is as the place where Nostradamus spent his last years and is buried. His dwelling is maintained as a museum, and for four days every June or July, the city celebrates its history during the time of Nostradamus, attracting tourists.

The historic center still lies within its circuit of walls, entered through two seventeenth-century gateways, the Porte de l'Horloge and the Porte du Bourg Neuf.

In 1559 the engineer Adam de Craponne opened the Canal de Craponne to bring fresh water from the river Durance to the town and the surrounding plain of Crau. Inexpensive freight brought commerce to Salon, and the town prospered.

Sights

Nostradamus House

The Hôtel de Ville

Château de l'Emperi

Main article: Château de l'Empéri

The castle, which was the biggest in Provence during the 12th and 13th centuries and was mentioned as early as the tenth, still dominates the old town. It was the preferred residence of the bishops of Arles, when Provence was part of the Holy Roman Empire, hence its name. It became the property of the city after the French Revolution. After damage caused by the 1909 earthquake, it has been restored and now hosts a museum of military history. Every summer, it hosts an international classical music festival.

Fontaine Moussue

The fountain in Place Crousillat has existed since the 16th century. During the 20th century, limestone concretions and vegetation developed, giving the familiar mushroom aspect.

St Michel Chapel

Built during the 13th century, this chapel boasts a remarkable Romanesque tympanum featuring the paschal lamb.

Collégiale Saint Laurent

The current edifice was erected during 15th century by Cardinal Louis Aleman, who was then bishop of Arles.

The Hôtel de Ville

The Hôtel de Ville was completed in 1658.^[3]

Salon-de-Provence Air Base

Salon-de-Provence Air Base is the site of the French Air Force Academy, as well as the home of the French Aerial Demonstration team, the Patrouille de France.

Market

Every Wednesday the Place Morgan is host to a Provençal market.

Culture

Each summer, the Château de l'Empéri hosts a festival of chamber music.

Some years the Château is the venue for Nostradamiques – an historical re-enactment of the time of Nostradamus which includes processions and a transformation of the old medieval downtown. One such re-enactment was performed by the television presenter Jean-Pierre Foucault. In 2006 Robert Hossein compered the closing ceremony of the re-enactment.

Personalities

• Abba Mari ben Eligdor (fl.1335), distinguished Talmudist, philosopher, resident 14th Century
• Nostradamus (1503–1566), resident 1547–66, place of death
• Adam de Craponne (1526–1576), engineer, born in Salon
• Miquèu Tronc (16th century), Occitan language writer
• Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet (1720–1778), French botanist and explorer, birthplace
• Joan Montseny (1864-1942), Catalan anarchist, place of death
• Charles Trenet (1913-2001), French singer, resident for military reasons, 1939–1940
• Romain Gary (1914–1980), French novelist and pilot, learnt to fly with military in Salon-de-Provence before Nazi occupation of France
• Patrick Baudry (1946-), and Léopold Eyharts (1957-), French astronauts, military training
• Daniel Goossens (1954-), Cartoonist, birthplace
• Christine Boisson (1956-), French actor, birthplace
• Franck Esposito (1971-), French swimmer, birthplace
• Michaël N'dri (1984-), footballer, birthplace and early Football career
• Mathieu Arzeno (1987-), racing driver, birthplace
• Simon Porte Jacquemus (1990-), Fashion Designer^[4]
• Nassourdine Imavov (1995-), MMA fighter, former resident
• Sakina Karchaoui (1996-), footballer for Paris Saint-Germain and the France national team
• Mathys Jaubert (2005-), racing driver

Twin towns – sister cities

Salon-de-Provence is twinned with:^[5]

• Blanzy-la-Salonnaise, France
• Aranda de Duero, Spain
• Gubbio, Italy
• Huntingdon, England, United Kingdom
• Godmanchester, England, United Kingdom
• Szentendre, Hungary
• Wertheim am Main, Germany

Gallery

• 
  Château de l'Empéri courtyard
• 
  Fontaine Moussue by night
• 
  St Michel, inside
• 
  Tympanum, Église St-Michel
• 
  Collégiale Saint Laurent, after 2008/2009 restorations
• 
  Jardin de la République
• 
  Sausages, market at Place Morgan
• 
  Mushrooms, market at Place Morgan
• 
  Paella, market at Place Morgan

Social Housing

In August 2025, the 12-story Sofia Tower, containing 48 residential units, will be demolished as part of the overall rehabilitation project for the Canourgues district by 2030^[6].

Population

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 6,787 —     1800 5,100 −4.00% 1806 5,167 +0.22% 1821 5,864 +0.85% 1831 5,987 +0.21% 1836 5,793 −0.66% 1841 5,617 −0.62% 1846 6,355 +2.50% 1851 6,564 +0.65% 1856 7,057 +1.46% 1861 6,533 −1.53% 1866 6,714 +0.55% 1872 7,522 +1.91% 1876 7,021 −1.71% 1881 7,503 +1.34% 1886 8,598 +2.76% 1891 9,152 +1.26% 1896 10,936 +3.63%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1901 12,872 +3.31% 1906 14,050 +1.77% 1911 14,019 −0.04% 1921 13,155 −0.63% 1926 12,900 −0.39% 1931 13,193 +0.45% 1936 13,482 +0.43% 1946 15,826 +1.62% 1954 17,597 +1.33% 1962 21,393 +2.47% 1968 30,722 +6.22% 1975 34,576 +1.70% 1982 34,846 +0.11% 1990 34,064 −0.28% 1999 37,079 +0.95% 2007 40,943 +1.25% 2012 43,771 +1.34% 2017 45,528 +0.79%
Source: EHESS[7] and INSEE (1968-2017)[8]

Climate

Climate data for Salon-de-Provence (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1939–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	20.8 (69.4)	23.1 (73.6)	25.7 (78.3)	29.2 (84.6)	34.4 (93.9)	43.4 (110.1)	39.7 (103.5)	39.8 (103.6)	35.1 (95.2)	30.1 (86.2)	24.8 (76.6)	22.0 (71.6)	43.4 (110.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	11.5 (52.7)	12.7 (54.9)	16.5 (61.7)	19.3 (66.7)	23.4 (74.1)	27.8 (82.0)	30.7 (87.3)	30.4 (86.7)	25.7 (78.3)	20.9 (69.6)	15.2 (59.4)	11.9 (53.4)	20.5 (68.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)	6.7 (44.1)	7.3 (45.1)	10.5 (50.9)	13.2 (55.8)	17.2 (63.0)	21.3 (70.3)	24.0 (75.2)	23.7 (74.7)	19.7 (67.5)	15.7 (60.3)	10.5 (50.9)	7.2 (45.0)	14.7 (58.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	1.8 (35.2)	1.9 (35.4)	4.5 (40.1)	7.2 (45.0)	11.0 (51.8)	14.9 (58.8)	17.3 (63.1)	17.1 (62.8)	13.7 (56.7)	10.5 (50.9)	5.9 (42.6)	2.6 (36.7)	9.0 (48.2)
Record low °C (°F)	−14.3 (6.3)	−18.5 (−1.3)	−9.4 (15.1)	−4.3 (24.3)	−0.9 (30.4)	4.2 (39.6)	7.6 (45.7)	7.7 (45.9)	3.1 (37.6)	−3.6 (25.5)	−7.6 (18.3)	−14.4 (6.1)	−18.5 (−1.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	54.4 (2.14)	34.2 (1.35)	36.6 (1.44)	56.4 (2.22)	44.0 (1.73)	30.6 (1.20)	13.7 (0.54)	30.5 (1.20)	78.9 (3.11)	85.6 (3.37)	84.1 (3.31)	45.1 (1.78)	594.1 (23.39)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	5.2	4.8	4.7	6.0	5.2	2.9	1.8	2.9	4.9	6.1	7.0	5.1	56.6
Average snowy days	0.6	0.5	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.9	2.4
Average relative humidity (%)	75	73	68	67	67	65	61	64	72	76	77	77	70.2
Source 1: Meteociel[9]
Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity, snowy days 1961–1990)[10]

See also

• Communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône department