Sampleite

Sampleite has a general formula of NaCaCu₅(PO₄)₄Cl·5(H₂O).^[4] It was first described in 1942 for an occurrence in Chuquicamata, Chile and was named after Mat Sample, a mine superintendent for the Chile Exploration Company.^[3]

Sampleite
General
Category	Phosphate minerals
Formula	NaCaCu5(PO4)4Cl•5(H2O)
IMA symbol	Smp[1]
Strunz classification	8.DG.05
Crystal system	Monoclinic
Crystal class	Prismatic (2/m) (same H-M symbol)
Space group	P21/n or P21/c
Unit cell	a = 9.7 Å, b = 38.4 Å c = 9.65 Å; β = 90.07°; Z = 4
Identification
Formula mass	875.95 g/mol
Color	Light blue to blue-green
Crystal habit	Aggregates, lath, rosette
Cleavage	Perfect on {010}; good on {100} and {001}
Mohs scale hardness	4
Luster	Pearly
Streak	Light Blue
Diaphaneity	Transparent
Specific gravity	3.2
Optical properties	Biaxial (−)
Refractive index	nα = 1.629 nβ = 1.677 nγ = 1.679
Birefringence	δ = 0.050
Pleochroism	X = deep blue, blue-green; Y = light blue, turquoise blue; Z = turquoise-blue, colorless
2V angle	Measured: 5° to 23°
References	[2][3][4]

Sampleite is monoclinic. It belongs to the space group P2₁/n or P2₁/c.^[5][6] In a thin section it has a high surface relief and will have sharp boundaries with the surrounding medium. Sampleite is anisotropic and has visible pleochroism and birefringence.

It is characteristically found in earthy crusts in a highly sericitized rock and is present in highly oxidized conditions near the surface. When it occurs as micaceous rosettes and aggregates it can be associated with dendrites of manganese and iron oxides. Sampleite appears to be the most recent mineral deposited with the exception of gypsum.^[7][8]