Sar language

Not to be confused with Sar language (Indonesia).

Sar or Sara, also known as Madjingay and Sara Madjingay is a Bongo–Bagirmi language of southern Chad, and the lingua franca of regional capital of Sarh.

Sar
Madjingay
Native to	Chad
Native speakers	(180,000 cited 1993 census)[1]
Language family	Nilo-Saharan? Central Sudanic Bongo–Bagirmi Sara languages East Sar
Dialects	Sar Nar
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mwm
Glottolog	sarr1246

Phonology

The consonants are as follows.^[2]

		Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Postalveolar /Palatal	Velar
Plosive/ Affricate	tenuis	p	t			k
	voiced	b	d		d͡ʒ	ɡ
	prenasalized	m͡b	n͡d		n͡dʒ	ŋ͡ɡ
	implosive	ɓ	ɗ
Fricative			s
Nasal		m	n
Liquid	oral		l	ɽ
	nasalized			ɽ̃
Semi-vowel	oral				j	w
	nasalized				j̃

Vowels and nasal vowels are as follows:

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i ĩ	ɨ	u ũ
Mid	e ẽ	(ə)	o õ
			ɔ
Open		a ã

/o, e/ can also be heard as [ə].^[3]

There are three tones.^[4][5]

Tone	Example	Gloss
high	ɡáŋɡá	drum
mid	māl	scavenger
low	jàbə̀	hippopotamus
nasal	tã	sauce