Satyarth Prakash

Satyarth Prakash (Hindi: सत्यार्थ प्रकाश; Satyārth Prakāś; lit. 'The Light of Truth') is an 1875 book written originally in Hindi by Dayanand Saraswati, a religious and social reformer and the founder of Arya Samaj. The book was subsequently revised by Saraswati in 1882 and has been translated into more than 20 languages including Sanskrit and foreign languages, including English, French, German, Swahili, Arabic and Chinese. The major portion of the book is dedicated to laying down the reformist advocacy of Swami Dayanand with the last four chapters making a case for comparative study of different religious faiths.

Aum (or Om) is considered by the Arya Samaj to be the highest and most proper name of God.

Satyarth Prakash (The Light of Truth)

Author	Swami Dayanand Saraswati
Language	Hindi
Publisher	Star Press Benares[1]
Publication date	1875
Publication place	India

Some of the topics in the Satyarth Prakash include worship of one god, explanation of the main principles of the Vedas, the relationship between religion and science and between devotion and intellect, elimination of the caste system and critical analysis of different religious beliefs and other religions in the World in the light of the Vedas, for the strengthening of society, eradication of superstitions, false notions and meaningless customs, shunning narrow-mindedness and promoting the brotherhood of man.^[2]

Contents

The book contains fourteen chapters.^[3]

Chapter	Content
1	The first chapter is an exposition of “Om” and other names of God.
2	The second chapter provides guidance on the upbringing of children.
3	Chapter 3 explains the life of Brahmacarya (bachelor), the duties and qualifications of scholars and teachers, good and bad books and the scheme of studies.
4	Chapter 4 is about marriage and married life.
5	Chapter 5 is about giving up materialism and starting to carry out community service.
6	Chapter 6 is about Science of Government.
7	Chapter 7 is about Veda and God.
8	Chapter 8 deals with Creation, Sustenance and Dissolution of the Universe.
9	Chapter 9 deals with knowledge and ignorance, and emancipation and bondage.
10	Chapter 10 deals with desirable and undesirable conduct and permissible and forbidden diet.
11	Chapter 11 contains criticism of the various religions and sects prevailing in India.
12	Chapter 12 deals with the Charvaka, Buddha and Jainism (Agamas).
13	Chapter 13 deals with Christianity.
14	Chapter 14 deals with Islam.

Editions

The book was originally written in Hindi by Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati in 1875 CE. After detecting omissions, language and printing mistakes in the first edition, after making corrections at Israr Mahal inside Ramapur at Kashi, he published a second revised edition in Samvat 1939 (1882-83 CE).^[4] The book has been translated into twenty-four different languages. Navlakha Mahal is presently the office of Shrimadd Dayanand Satyarth Prakash Nyas, which after detecting in 2004 that the book has been printed by many unauthorised entities in different versions, appointed an authentication committee of Vedic scholars, and started to publish authenticated version of the book.^{[citation needed]}

S.No.	Language	Author / Translator	Publication Year
1	Hindi[5]	Dayanand Saraswati (author)	1875 (1st edition, in Kashi), 1882 (2nd edition)
2	English[6] (4 translations by different scholars)	1. Dr. Chiranjiva Bharadwaja, 2. Master Durga Prasad, 3. Pt. Gangaprasad Upadhyay, 4. Vandemataram Ramchandra Rao	1. 1906, 2. 1908, 3. 1946, 4. 1988
3	Sanskrit[7]	Pandit Shankardev Paathak	1924 (1st edition)
4	Urdu	1. Aatmaram Amritsari, Bhakt Raimal & Naunihaal, 2. Jivandas Pensioner, 3. Pandit Chamupati, 4. Mehta Radhakrishna	1. 1898, 2. 1899, 3. 1939, 4. 1905
5	Sindhi	Jeevanlal Arya	1912
6	Punjabi	Aatmaram Amritsari	1899
7	Bengali[8]	1. Motilaal Bhattacharya, 2. Shankarnaath, 3. Gaurmohandev Verman	1. 1901, 2. 1911, 3. ???
8	Marathi	1. Shridaas Vidyarthi, 2. Shripaad Damodar Saatavlekar, 3. Snaatak Satyavrat, 4. Shripaad Joshi	1. 1907, 2. 1926, 3. 1932, 4. 1990
9	Telugu	1. A. Somnaathan Rao "Updeshak", 2. Pt. Gopadev Sastry	1. 1933, 2. ???
10	Tamil	1. M.R Jambunaathan, 2. Kannaiyaa, 3. Shuddhanand Bhaarti	1. 1926, 2. 1935, 3. 1974
11	Malayalam[9]	1. Brahamchaari Lakshman (Originally by Pt. Vedabandhu Sharma), 2. Acharya Narendra Bhooshan	1. 1933, 2. 1978
12	Gujarati	1. Manchaa Shankar, Jaishankar Dvivedi, 2. Mayashankar Sharma, 3.Dilip Vedalankar	1. 1905, 2. 1926, 3. 1994
13	Kannada[10]	1. Bhaaskar Pant, 2. Satyapaal Snaatak, 3. Sudhakar Chaturvedi	1. 1932, 2. 1955, 3. 1974
14	Nepali[11]	Dilusingh Raaee	1879
15	German[12]	1. Dr. Daulatram Devgram, Borikhel (Miyanwaali), 2. Arya Divakar	1. 1930, 2. 1983
16	Swahili[13]	???	???
17	Odia	1. Shrivatsa Panda, 2. Lakshminarayan Shastri	1. 1927, 2. 1973
18	Assamese	Parmeshwar Koti	1975
19	Arabic	Kaalicharan Sharma	???
20	Burmese	Kittima	???
21	Chinese	Dr. Chau	1958
22	Thai	???	???
23	French[14]	Lui Morin	1940
24	Kumaoni and Garhwali	Veerbhadra Sati	???

Reception and criticism

S. Rangaswami Iyengar praised the book, saying that "It contains the wholly rationalistic view of the Vedic religion."^[15]

Satyartha Prakash was banned in some Indian princely states and in the Sind Province of British India (now Sindh, Pakistan) in 1944; and it remains banned in Sindh.^[16] This ban was condemned by Mahatma Gandhi.^[17]

In 2008 two Indian Muslims, Usman Ghani and Mohammad Khalil Khan of Sadar Bazar, Delhi, following the fatwa of Mufti Mukarram Ahmed, the Imam of Fatehpuri Masjid in Delhi, urged the Delhi High Court to ban Satyarth Prakash.^[18] However, the court dismissed the petition and commented "A suit by Hindus against the Quran or by Muslims against Gita or Satyarth Prakash claiming relief...are in fact, meant to play mischief in the society."^[19]