Prunella (plant)

This article is about the herbaceous plant. For the woman's given name, see Prunella (given name).

Prunella is a genus of herbaceous plants in the family Lamiaceae, also known as self-heals, heal-all, or allheal for their use in herbal medicine.

Prunella
Prunella vulgaris (Common Self-heal)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Lamiaceae
Subfamily:	Nepetoideae
Tribe:	Mentheae
Genus:	Prunella L.
Synonyms[1]
Brunella Mill. Prunellopsis Kudô

Habitat

Most are native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, but Prunella vulgaris (common self-heal) is Holarctic in distribution, occurring in North America as well, and is a common lawn weed. Prunellas are low-growing plants, and thrive in moist wasteland and grass, spreading rapidly to cover the ground. They are members of the mint family and have the square stem common to mints.^[1][2][3]

Biological descriptions

The common name "self-heal" derives from the use of some species to treat a range of minor disorders. Self-heal can be grown from seed, or by dividing clumps in spring or autumn.

Species^[1]

1. Prunella albanica Pénzes – Albania
2. Prunella × bicolor Beck – parts of Europe (P. grandiflora × P. laciniata)
3. Prunella × codinae Sennen – Spain (P. hyssopifolia × P. laciniata)
4. Prunella cretensis Gand. – Crete
5. Prunella × gentianifolia Pau – Spain (P. hyssopifolia × P. vulgaris)
6. Prunella grandiflora (L.) Scholler – central + southern Europe from Caucasus to Russia; Caucasus
7. Prunella hyssopifolia L. – Spain, France, Italy, Morocco
8. Prunella × intermedia Link – central + southwestern Europe (P. laciniata × P. vulgaris)
9. Prunella laciniata (L.) L – central + southern Europe, North Africa, Middle East
10. Prunella orientalis Bornm. – Turkey, Syria
11. Prunella prunelliformis (Maxim.) Makino – Japan
12. Prunella × surrecta Dumort. – central + southwestern Europe (P. grandiflora × P. vulgaris)
13. Prunella vulgaris L. – widespread in Europe, North Africa, Asia, North America; naturalized in New Zealand, parts of South America

Subspecies are^[4]

• Prunella vulgaris ssp. aleutica (Fernald) Hultén – Aleutian selfheal
• Prunella vulgaris ssp. lanceolata (W. Bartram) Hultén – lance selfheal
• Prunella vulgaris ssp. vulgaris (L.) – common selfheal

Uses

Traditional medicine

Dried Prunella
Traditional Chinese	夏枯草
Simplified Chinese	夏枯草
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin xia4 ku1 cao3 Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization hah5 fu1 chou2 Jyutping haa5 fu1 cou2 IPA [ha̬fútsʰǒu]

In the Pacific Northwest, its juice was used by the Quinault and the Quileute on boils.^[5] They also used the whole plant to treat cuts and inflammations.^[6] Ointments can be made by fixing^{[clarification needed]} the plant with grease. Dried Prunella (Chinese: 夏枯草; pinyin: xià kū cǎo) is used to make a herbal drink.^[7] Prunella is also used for halitosis, especially when combined with other herbs (e.g. perilla, field mint, etc.). Herbal tea for treating ozostomia caused by oral local lesion

Food uses

The mildly bitter leaves are also good as salad greens. Prunella species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora albitarsella.^{[citation needed]}

As a health supplement

Prunella vulgaris is used as an ingredient in some bodybuilding supplements.