Jyutping
Romanization scheme for Cantonese From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Romanization scheme for Cantonese From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme,[note 1] also known as Jyutping, is a romanisation system for Cantonese developed in 1993 by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK).
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2013) |
| Jyutping | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jyutping Romanization | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 粵拼 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 粤拼 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jyutping | jyut6 ping3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cantonese Yale | Yuhtping | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Yue (i.e. Cantonese) spelling | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The name Jyutping (itself the Jyutping romanisation of its Chinese name, 粵拼) is a contraction of the official name, and it consists of the first Chinese characters of the terms jyut6 jyu5 (粵語, meaning "Yue language") and ping3 jam1 (拼音 "phonetic alphabet", also pronounced as "pinyin" in Mandarin).
Despite being intended as a system to indicate pronunciation, it has also been employed in writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language—in effect, elevating Jyutping from its assistive status to a written language.
The Jyutping system[1] departs from all previous Cantonese romanisation systems (approximately 12, including Robert Morrison's pioneering work of 1828, and the widely used Standard Romanization, Yale and Sidney Lau systems) by introducing z and c initials and the use of eo and oe in finals, as well as replacing the initial y, used in all previous systems, with j.[2]
In 2018, it was updated to include the -a and -oet finals, to reflect syllables recognized as part of Cantonese phonology in 1997 by the Jyutping Work Group of the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong.[3]
| b /p/ 巴 |
p /pʰ/ 怕 |
m /m/ 媽 |
f /f/ 花 |
|
| d /t/ 打 |
t /tʰ/ 他 |
n /n/ 那 |
l /l/ 啦 | |
| g /k/ 家 |
k /kʰ/ 卡 |
ng /ŋ/ 牙 |
h /h/ 蝦 |
|
| gw /kʷ/ 瓜 |
kw /kʷʰ/ 誇 |
w /w/ 蛙 | ||
| z /ts/ 渣 |
c /tsʰ/ 叉 |
s /s/ 沙 |
j /j/ 也 |
There are nine tones in six distinct tone contours in Cantonese. However, as three of the nine are entering tones (入聲; jap6 sing1), which only appear in syllables ending with p, t, and k, they do not have separate tone numbers in Jyutping (though they do in Cantonese Pinyin; these are shown in parentheses in the table below). A mnemonic which some use to remember this is 「風水到時我哋必發達」; fung1 seoi2 dou3 si4 ngo5 dei6 bit1 faat3 daat6 or "Feng Shui [dictates that] we will be lucky."
| Tone name | jam1 ping4 (陰平) |
jam1 soeng5 (陰上) |
jam1 heoi3 (陰去) |
joeng4 ping4 (陽平) |
joeng4 soeng5 (陽上) |
joeng4 heoi3 (陽去) |
gou1 jam1 jap6 (高陰入) |
dai1 jam1 jap6 (低陰入) |
joeng4 jap6 (陽入) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In English) | high level or high falling | mid rising | mid level | low falling | low rising | low level | entering high level | entering mid level | entering low level | |||||||||
| Tone number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 (7) | 3 (8) | 6 (9) | |||||||||
| Contour[4] | ˥ 55 | ˥˧ 53 | ˧˥ 35 | ˧ 33 | ˨˩ 21 | ˩ 11 | ˩˧ 13 | ˨ 22 | ˥ 5 | ˧ 3 | ˨ 2 | |||||||
| Character example | 分 | 詩 | 粉 | 史 | 訓 | 試 | 焚 | 時 | 奮 | 市 | 份 | 是 | 忽 | 識 | 發 | 錫 | 佛 | 食 |
| fan1 | si1 | fan2 | si2 | fan3 | si3 | fan4 | si4 | fan5 | si5 | fan6 | si6 | fat1 | sik1 | faat3 | sek3 | fat6 | sik6 | |
Jyutping and the Yale Romanisation of Cantonese represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:
But they differ in the following:
Jyutping and Cantonese Pinyin represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:
But they have some differences:
| Traditional | Simplified | Romanization |
|---|---|---|
| 廣州話 | 广州话 | gwong2 zau1 waa2 |
| 粵語 | 粤语 | jyut6 jyu5 |
| 你好 | 你好 | nei5 hou2 |
Sample transcription of one of the 300 Tang Poems:
The Jyutping method (Chinese: 粵拼輸入法) refers to a family of input methods based on the Jyutping romanization system.
The Jyutping method allows a user to input Chinese characters by entering the Jyutping romanization of a Chinese character (with or without tone, depending on the system) and then presenting the user with a list of possible characters with that pronunciation.
As of macOS Ventura, Jyutping input with Traditional Chinese now comes standard on macOS under the name "Phonetic – Cantonese".
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