Shwe gas field

The Shwe gas field is a major natural gas field in the Bay of Bengal, located approximately 60 kilometers offshore from Kyaukphyu, in Myanmar’s Rakhine Basin. It spans production blocks A-1 and A-3 and is one of Myanmar’s most significant offshore energy assets.

Shwe
Country	Myanmar
Region	Bay of Bengal
Location	Rakhine Basin, ~60 km offshore Kyaukphyu
Block	A-1 and A-3
Offshore/onshore	offshore
Operator	POSCO International
Partners	POSCO International (51%), MOGE (15%), ONGC Videsh (17%), GAIL (8.5%), KOGAS (8.5%)
Service contractors	China Offshore Oil Engineering Corporation (COOEC)
Field history
Discovery	2004
Start of development	2007
Start of production	2013
Production
Current production of gas	20×10^6 m3/d 700×10^6 cu ft/d 7.3×10^9 m3/a (260×10^9 cu ft/a)
Year of current production of gas	2023
Estimated gas in place	260×10^9 m3 9.1×10^12 cu ft
Recoverable gas	60×10^9 m3 (2.1×10^12 cu ft)
Producing formations	Rakhine Offshore Formation

History

The field was discovered in 2004 by South Korea’s Daewoo International, which was later acquired by POSCO International. Initial development began in 2007 and the field came online in 2013. The name "Shwe" means "gold" in Burmese, reflecting the field’s high economic value.

Ownership

The project is led by POSCO International, which holds a 51% stake. Other joint venture partners include:

• Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE) – 15%
• ONGC Videsh – 17%
• GAIL (India) Limited – 8.5%
• Korea Gas Corporation (KOGAS) – 8.5%

Reserves and Production

The Shwe field initially contained approximately 9.1 trillion cubic feet (260 billion cubic meters) of proven reserves. By 2023, an estimated 60 billion cubic meters of recoverable gas remained.^[1]

It produces around 700 million cubic feet (20 million cubic meters) of gas per day, with most of it exported to China via the Sino-Myanmar Gas Pipeline.

Export Infrastructure

The Shwe field is connected to the mainland via a subsea pipeline that feeds into the Sino-Myanmar pipelines at Kyaukphyu. The gas pipeline spans over 2,500 kilometers, delivering gas to China’s Yunnan Province. This pipeline infrastructure plays a key role in China’s energy diversification strategy.

Phase 2 Expansion

In July 2024, a $523 million development contract was awarded to China Offshore Oil Engineering Corporation (COOEC) to support Phase 2 expansion of the Shwe project. The work includes installing new wellhead platforms, subsea pipelines, and processing facilities, with completion expected in 2027.^[2]

Controversies

The Shwe project has drawn criticism from international human rights groups for its alleged impacts on local communities and the environment. Reports by EarthRights International and the Shwe Gas Movement have highlighted:

• Forced relocation of residents
• Land confiscation without adequate compensation
• Environmental degradation from construction and pipeline operations
• Lack of transparency and benefit-sharing with local populations^[3]

Following the 2021 military coup in Myanmar, the involvement of state-owned MOGE has also drawn international sanctions and calls for divestment by civil society groups.

Economic Impact

The Shwe gas field is one of Myanmar’s largest sources of foreign revenue. The majority of gas produced is exported to China under long-term contracts, with limited domestic use. It has contributed significantly to infrastructure development around Kyaukphyu and strengthened strategic ties between Myanmar and China.

See also

• Kyaukpyu Township
• Sino-Myanmar pipelines
• Energy in Myanmar
• POSCO International