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Siege of Halicarnassus

Siege by Alexander the Great in 334 BC From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Siege of Halicarnassusmap
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The siege of Halicarnassus was fought between Alexander the Great and the Achaemenid Persian Empire in 334 BC. Alexander, who had no navy, was constantly being threatened by the Persian navy. It continuously attempted to provoke an engagement with Alexander, who would not oblige them. Eventually, the Persian fleet sailed to Halicarnassus, in order to establish a new defense. Ada of Caria, the former queen of Halicarnassus, had been driven from her throne by her younger brother Pixodarus of Caria. When Pixodarus died, Persian King Darius had appointed Orontobates satrap of Caria, which included Halicarnassus in its jurisdiction. On the arrival of Alexander in 334 BC, Ada, who was in possession of the fortress of Alinda, surrendered the fortress to him.[2]

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900km
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15
Babylon
15 Death of Alexander the Great 10 or 11 June 323 BC
15 Death of Alexander the Great 10 or 11 June 323 BC
14
Malavas
14 Mallian campaign November 326 – February 325 BC
14 Mallian campaign November 326 – February 325 BC
13
Hydaspes
13 Battle of the Hydaspes May 326 BCE
13 Battle of the Hydaspes May 326 BCE
12
Cophen
12 Cophen campaign May 327 BC – March 326 BC
12 Cophen campaign May 327 BC – March 326 BC
11
Cyropolis
11 Siege of Cyropolis 329 BC Battle of Jaxartes October 329 BC Siege of the Sogdian Rock 327 BC
11 Siege of Cyropolis 329 BC Battle of Jaxartes October 329 BC Siege of the Sogdian Rock 327 BC
10
Persian Gate
10 Battle of the Persian Gate 20 January 330 BC
10 Battle of the Persian Gate 20 January 330 BC
9
Uxians
9 Battle of the Uxian Defile December 331 BC
9 Battle of the Uxian Defile December 331 BC
8
Gaugamela
8 Battle of Gaugamela 1 October 331 BC
8 Battle of Gaugamela 1 October 331 BC
7
Alexandria
7 Foundation of Alexandria 331 BC
7 Foundation of Alexandria 331 BC
6
Gaza
6 Siege of Gaza October 332 BC
6 Siege of Gaza October 332 BC
5
Tyre
5 Siege of Tyre (332 BC) January–July 332 BC
5 Siege of Tyre (332 BC) January–July 332 BC
4
Issus
4 Battle of Issus 334 BC
4 Battle of Issus 334 BC
3
Halicarnassus
3 Siege of Miletus 334 BC Siege of Halicarnassus 334 BC
3 Siege of Miletus 334 BC Siege of Halicarnassus 334 BC
2
Granicus
2 Battle of the Granicus May, 334 BC
2 Battle of the Granicus May, 334 BC
1
Pella
  current battle

Orontobates and Memnon of Rhodes entrenched themselves in Halicarnassus. Alexander had sent spies to meet with dissidents inside the city, who had promised to open the gates and allow Alexander to enter. When his spies arrived, however, the dissidents were nowhere to be found. A small battle resulted, and Alexander's army managed to break through the city walls. Memnon, however, now deployed his catapults, and Alexander's army fell back. Memnon then deployed his infantry, and shortly before Alexander would have received his first defeat, his infantry managed to break through the city walls, surprising the Persian forces. Memnon, realizing the city was lost, set fire to it and withdrew with his army. Strong winds caused the fire to destroy much of the city.[2] Alexander leading his army through the gates, ordered crews to extinguish the blazing structures and issued a decree that the citizens should not be harmed.[4]

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Aftermath

After the capture of Halicarnassus Alexander sent his newly married soldiers home to spend the winter with their families. [5] Alexander committed the government of Caria to Ada; and she, in turn, formally adopted Alexander as her son, ensuring that the rule of Caria passed unconditionally to him upon her eventual death. During her husband's tenure as satrap, Ada had been loved by the people of Caria. By putting Ada, who felt very favorably towards Alexander, on the throne, he ensured that the government of Caria, as well as its people, remained loyal to him.[2]

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