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Siphula

Genus of lichens From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Siphula
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Siphula is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Icmadophilaceae. The widespread genus was circumscribed by the Swedish mycologist Elias Fries in 1831.[3]

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Description

The genus Siphula includes lichens with a shrubby, upright thallus (the lichen body) that is sparsely branched and has a whitish appearance. The outer surface, or cortex, is pseudoparenchymatous, meaning it consists of densely packed cells resembling plant parenchyma (common plant tissue). Siphula species partner with chlorococcoid algae, a type of green algae that supplies the lichen with energy through photosynthesis.[4]

Inside the thallus, the medulla (inner tissue layer) is compact and has fungal filaments (hyphae) that are generally aligned in a longitudinal direction. No reproductive structures, such as apothecia (spore-producing bodies) or conidiomata (asexual spore-producing bodies), have been observed to occur in this genus.[4]

Chemically, Siphula lichens contain various compounds including p- and m-depsides, dibenzofurans, and chromones, such as the compound siphulin.[4]

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Habitat and distribution

Siphula species are found growing on peaty soils and on acid-leached bark in temperate rainforests as well as in wet alpine environments. This genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring across various regions worldwide.[4]

Species

As of October 2024, Species Fungorum accepts 22 species of Siphula:[5]

Thumb
Siphula coriacea
  • Siphula australiensis Kantvilas (2004)[6]
  • Siphula capensis Kantvilas (2023)[7]
  • Siphula ceratites (Wahlenb.) Fr. (1831)[3]
  • Siphula chimantensis V.Marcano (2021)[8]
  • Siphula coriacea Taylor ex Nyl. (1860)[9]
  • Siphula crittendenii Kantvilas (2023)[7]
  • Siphula decumbens Nyl. (1888)[10]
  • Siphula dissoluta Nyl. (1888)[10]
  • Siphula fastigiata (Nyl.) Nyl. (1863)[11]
  • Siphula flavovirens Kantvilas, Zedda & Elix (2003)[12]
  • Siphula gracilis Kantvilas (1998)[13]
  • Siphula paramensis V.Marcano & L. Castillo (2021)[14]
  • Siphula parhamii Kantvilas (2004)[6]
  • Siphula pteruloides Nyl. (1859)[15]
  • Siphula subpteruloides V.Marcano (2021)[8]
  • Siphula subsimplex V.Marcano (2021)[8]
  • Siphula verrucigera (J.F.Gmel.) R.Sant. (1966)[16]

References

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