Smilax glabra

Smilax glabra, sarsaparilla,^[2] is a plant species in the genus Smilax. It is native to China, the Himalayas, and Indochina.^{[1][3][4][5][6]}

Smilax glabra
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Liliales
Family:	Smilacaceae
Genus:	Smilax
Species:	S. glabra
Binomial name
Smilax glabra Roxb.
Synonyms[1]
Smilax lanceolata Burm.f 1768 not L. 1753 Smilax hookeri Kunth Smilax trigona Warb. Smilax dunniana H.Lév. Smilax blinii H.Lév. Smilax mengmaensis R.H.Miao

S. glabra is a traditional medicine in Chinese herbology, whence it is also known as tufuling (土茯苓) or chinaroot, china-root, and china root (a name it shares with the related S. china). Chinaroot is a key ingredient in the Chinese medical dessert guilinggao, which uses its ability to set certain kinds of jelly.

Chemical composition

Dihydro-flavonol glycosides (astilbin, neoastilbin, isoastilbin, neoisoastilbin, (2R, 3R)-taxifolin-3'-O-beta-D-pyranoglucoside) have been identified in the rhizome of Smilax glabra^[7] as well as smitilbin, a flavanonol rhamnoside.^[8] Smiglabrone A and Smiglabrone B are phenylpropanoid-substituted epicatechins that have also been isolated from the root.^[9][10]

Sarsasapogenin, a steroidal sapogenin, can also be found in S. glabra.^[11]

Use in traditional Chinese medicine

The root of S. glabra is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat dysentery, joint pain and colds.^[9] S. glabra is grown in Southern China. The rhizome of the plant is collected and dried during all seasons for herbal use. The dried root is mixed with water and taken orally. It is believed to cure Syphilis and restore balance in the body in response to yin disease by removing dampness and toxicity.^{[12][13][page needed]}