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Sodium cyanate

Chemical compound From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Sodium cyanate is the inorganic compound with the formula NaOCN. A white solid, it is the sodium salt of the cyanate anion.

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Structure

The anion is described by two resonance structures: N≡C−O and N=C=O

The salt adopts a body centered rhombohedral crystal lattice structure (trigonal crystal system) at room temperature.[1]

Preparation

Sodium cyanate is prepared industrially by the reaction of urea with sodium carbonate at elevated temperature.

2OC(NH2)2 + Na2CO3 → 2Na(NCO) + CO2 + 2NH3 + H2O

Sodium allophanate is observed as an intermediate:[2]

H2NC(O)NHCO2Na → NaOCN + NH3 + CO2

It can also be prepared in the laboratory by oxidation of a cyanide in aqueous solution by a mild oxidizing agent such as lead oxide.[3]

Uses and reactions

The main use of sodium cyanate is for steel hardening.[2]

Sodium cyanate is used to produce cyanic acid, often in situ:

NaOCN + HCl → HOCN + NaCl

This approach is exploited for condensation with amines to give unsymmetrical ureas:

HOCN + RNH2 → RNHC(O)NH2

Such urea derivatives have a range of biological activity.[4]

See also

References

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