Spectrolebias

Spectrolebias is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are endemic to seasonal waters (like pools) in the Paraguay, Tocantins–Araguaia, Xingu and Mamoré–Grande basins in Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay.^[2][3][4] Each species generally has a small distribution and some are seriously threatened by habitat loss; the entire known range of S. reticulatus is in the area flooded by the Belo Monte Dam.^[5]

Spectrolebias
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cyprinodontiformes
Family:	Rivulidae
Genus:	Spectrolebias W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 1997
Type species
Spectrolebias semiocellatus Costa & Nielsen, 1997[1]

They are small fish, up to 6 cm (2.4 in) in total length.^[6] As typical of killifish, males are more colorful than females.^[2][3][4]

Species

Spectrolebias was formerly regarded as a subgenus of Simpsonichthys.^[7][8][9] Although this split is generally accepted, a genetic study indicates that Spectrolebias is not monophyletic.^[10]

There are currently 9 recognized species in Spectrolebias:^[6]

• Spectrolebias bellidoi D. T. B. Nielsen & Pillet, 2015^[2]
• Spectrolebias brousseaui D. T. B. Nielsen, 2013^[3]
• Spectrolebias chacoensis (L. H. Amato, 1986)
• Spectrolebias costai (Lazara, 1991)
• Spectrolebias filamentosus (W. J. E. M. Costa, Barrera & Sarmiento, 1997)
• Spectrolebias inaequipinnatus (W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 2008)
• Spectrolebias pilleti D. T. B. Nielsen & Brousseau, 2013^[4]
• Spectrolebias reticulatus (W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 2003)
• Spectrolebias semiocellatus W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 1997