Spiral wave

Main article: Autowave reverberator

Spiral waves are travelling waves that rotate outward from a center in a spiral. They are a feature of many excitable media. Spiral waves have been observed in various biological systems^[1][2] including systems such as heart ventricular fibrillation,^[3] Dictyostelium cAMP waves,^[4] retinal spreading depression,^[5] Xenopus oocyte calcium waves,^[6] and glial calcium waves in cortical tissue culture.^[7]

Spiral Wave Dynamics in a Mathematical Model of Human Ventricular Tissue