Squalius alburnoides

Squalius alburnoides, the calandino,^[2] is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related fishes. This species is found in Portugal and Spain.^[1]

Squalius alburnoides
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cypriniformes
Family:	Leuciscidae
Subfamily:	Leuciscinae
Genus:	Squalius
Species:	S. alburnoides
Binomial name
Squalius alburnoides (Steindachner, 1866)
Synonyms
Iberocypris alburnoides (Steindachner, 1866) Leuciscus alburnoides Steindachner, 1866) Tropidophoxinellus alburnoides (Steindachner, 1866)

Taxonomy

Squalius alburnoides was first formally described in 1866 by the Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner with its type locality given as a stream near Mérida in Spain.^[3] The Adana chub belongs to the genus Squalius, commonly referred to as chubs, which belongs to the subfamily Leuciscinae of the family Leuciscidae.^[4]

This species is a highly peculiar fish in regard to its evolution and reproduction. It has been derived from hybridisation between females of Squalius pyrenaicus and males of another, unknown, extinct cyprinid species, and maintains the genomes of both parental species. Squalius alburnoides may have various numbers of these genomes (polyploidy), and may use different reproductive modes to pass them on to the offspring, including asexual reproduction, normal meiosis and hybridogenesis.^[5][6][7] It has the first confirmed instance of natural androgenesis in a vertebrate, where an individual inherits only genes from the father.^[8]

Etymology

Squalius alburnoides belongs to the genus Squalius, this name was proposed by the French bioogist Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1837 for a subgenus of the gneus Leuciscus for the Italian chub (Squalius cephalus), inserting and additional "i" to prevent homonymy with the spurdog genus Squalus. In classical Latin the chub and the spurdog were homonyms as squalus. An alternative explanation was that the name is a latinisation of squaglio, a vernacular name for the Italian chub in Rome and its environs. The specific name, alburnoides, means "of the form of Alburnus", an allusion to the long body, notched teeth and upward pointing snout which resembles the shape of the bleaks in the genus Alburnus.^[9]

Distribution and habitat

Squalius alburnoides has a wide distribution in the river sytems draining into the Atlantic Ocean in the western Iberian Peninsula from the Douro south to the Guadalquivir, it has been introduced into the Guadalhorce and Júcar rivers in Spain, drainges that flow into the Mediterranean Sea. The calandino is found in rivers and streams at varying altitudes and with differing flows but tends to avoid the wide, deep lowland stretches of rivers.^[1]