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Starship Propellant Transfer Demonstration
First propellant transfer between Starships From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Spacex Starship Propellant Transfer Demo is a demonstration of essential capabilities required for refueling a Starship in low-Earth orbit. It is expected to occur in 2026.[1] A somewhat similar test occurred during the Starship flight test 3, though the transfer during that test was between two tanks on the same vehicle.[2] The ability to refuel a Starship in low orbit is critical for the NASA Artemis program,[3] as Starship HLS (Human Landing System) requires approximately ten tanker launches of propellant to a depot in orbit to refuel a Starship sufficiently to then reach the lunar surface.[1]
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Mission profile
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The mission profile for the Starship Propellant Transfer Demo will begin with the first launch. This launch will deliver the upper stage into orbit around the earth, while the first stage returns to the launch site for a catch by the launch tower. The second launch will repeat this profile three to four weeks later, and dock with the first Starship.[4] Once docked, the vehicles will use a pressure differential between them to force propellant from the second vehicle into the first.[1] After this is complete, the two ships will undock, reenter the earth's atmosphere, and be caught by the launch tower.[1]
Payload
The second launch in the propellant transfer will fly an unknown amount of propellant as its payload.[1] In order to prevent the propellant from boiling during the vehicle's time in orbit, significant insulation and vacuum jacketing will be added to the propellant lines inside the vehicle.[1] This change was introduced on the first Starship Block 2 vehicle, S33.[5]
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