Streptomyces hygroscopicus

Streptomyces hygroscopicus is a bacterial species in the genus Streptomyces. It was first described by Hans Laurits Jensen in 1931.^[3]

Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Streptomyces hygroscopicus colonies
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Kingdom:	Bacillati
Phylum:	Actinomycetota
Class:	Actinomycetes
Order:	Streptomycetales
Family:	Streptomycetaceae
Genus:	Streptomyces
Species:	S. hygroscopicus
Binomial name
Streptomyces hygroscopicus (Jensen, 1931) Yüntsen et al., 1956 [1]
Subspecies
subsp. "aureolacrimosus" Takiguchi et al., 1980 subsp. hygroscopicus (Jensen 1931) Yüntsen et al., 1956 (Approved Lists 1980) subsp. ossamyceticus Schmitz et al., 1965 (Approved Lists 1980) subsp. "yakushimaensis" Hatanaka et al., 1988
Synonyms[2]
"Actinomyces hygroscopicus" Jensen, 1931 Streptomyces endus Anderson and Gottlieb, 1952 (Approved Lists 1980) Streptomyces sporocinereus (ex Krassilnikov, 1970) Preobrazhenskaya, 1986

Biochemistry

Cultures of different strains of S. hygroscopicus can be used to produce several chemical compounds or enzymes.

Small molecules

Immunosuppressants

Sirolimus (also known as rapamycin) is an antifungal and immunosuppressant that has been isolated from S. hygroscopicus from soil samples from Easter Island.^[4] Ascomycin is another immunosuppressant produced by some strains of S. hygroscopicus; it has a similar structure to sirolimus and can be used to treat autoimmune diseases and skin diseases and can help prevent rejection after an organ transplant.

Antibiotics

The antibiotics geldanamycin, hygromycin B, nigericin, validamycin, and cyclothiazomycin are found in S. hygroscopicus.

Experimental cancer drugs

Indolocarbazoles can be found in S. hygroscopicus .

Anthelmintics and insecticides

Milbemycin and milbemycin oxime can be found in S. hygroscopicus cultures.

Herbicide

S. hygroscopicus also produces the natural herbicide bialaphos.^[5]

Enzymes

The enzymes alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (GDP-forming), carboxyvinyl-carboxyphosphonate phosphorylmutase, and hygromycin-B kinase can be isolated from cultures of S. hygroscopicus.