Sunburst flag

The sunburst flag (Irish: An Gal Gréine) is an Irish flag associated with early Irish nationalism, and more recently, youth wings of Irish republican groups such as Na Fianna Éireann.^[3] The flag is first thought to have been used in 1858 by the Irish Republican Brotherhood. The sunburst flag is still used today, by both republican groups and the Irish language and Gaelic revival organisation Conradh na Gaeilge.^{[citation needed]}

Traditional variation of the sunburst flag^[1]

A version of the sunburst flag which incorporates the Starry Plough flag as well as a pike, associated with the United Irishmen. The flag may have been used by the 26th Battalion of the National Army.^[2]

A modern variation of the sunburst flag

History and origins of the flag

The sunburst flag's design is inspired by the Fianna of Irish mythology. Described as brave warriors who performed a large number of impressive feats, the Fianna referred to themselves as either Gal Gréine or Scal Ghréine, which both mean sunburst.^[4] The earliest confirmed use of the sunburst flag is found in the 18th century as the guidon of the County Sligo Light Horse. The motto was as Post nubila Phoebus ("After the clouds Sun") symbolising a new day.^[5]

The sunburst flag, and the symbol of the sunburst itself came into more common use by Irish nationalists during the 19th century. In 1858, the Irish Republican Brotherhood adopted the flag as their symbol. During the American Civil War, the sunburst motif was incorporated by several Irish regiments in their standards. In 1893 the Irish-language group called Conradh na Gaeilge established themselves, using the flag as the group's symbol in reference to the Fianna.^[6]

During January of 1861 a group of French Zouaves were visiting Cork and they were given a banner by the local Nationalists. On the banner was a representation of the sunburst flag between the Stars and Stripes and French tricolor.^[7]

Flag of the Communist Party of Ireland

The Communist Party of Ireland and dissident republican groups Republican Network for Unity and Saoradh have incorporated it into their emblems.

See also

• Nebra sky disk
• Rising Sun (badge), a badge of the Australian army
• Rising Sun Flag, a Japanese flag
• Starry Plough (flag)