Switch hitter

For other uses, see Switch hitter (disambiguation).

In baseball, a switch hitter is a player who bats both right-handed and left-handed, usually right-handed against left-handed pitchers and left-handed against right-handed pitchers.

José Reyes, a switch hitter, batting left-handed in 2012

Reyes batting right-handed in 2015

Characteristics

Right-handed batters generally hit better against left-handed pitchers and vice versa. Most curveballs break away from batters hitting from the same side as the opposing pitcher, making them harder to hit with the barrel (or "sweet spot") of the bat. Additionally, the pitcher's release is farther from the batter's center of vision. In the words of Pat Venditte, one of the few ambidextrous pitchers in major league history, "If I'm pitching right-handed and they're hitting right-handed, it's tougher for them to see. And then, your breaking pitches are going away from their barrel rather than into their barrel."^[1] Even so, many switch-hitters perform better from one side of the plate than the other.

Numerous switch-hitters have achieved a higher batting average on one side of the plate, but hit with more power from the other. For instance, New York Yankees great Mickey Mantle always considered himself a better right-handed hitter, but hit home runs at a higher rate from the left side of the plate.^[2] However, many of Mantle's left-handed home runs were struck at Yankee Stadium, a park notorious for being very friendly to left-handed power hitters due to its short right field porch, and Mantle batted left-handed much more often than right-handed, simply because there have always been more right-handed than left-handed pitchers. Mantle's longest home run, a 565-foot clout in 1953 at Washington's Griffith Stadium, came batting right-handed.

Most switch-hitters have been right-handed throwers, but there have been several notable switch-hitters who threw left-handed, including Cool Papa Bell, Lance Berkman, Dave Collins, Ron Roenicke, Doug Dascenzo, Mitch Webster, Wes Parker, Melky Cabrera, Nick Swisher, Justin Smoak, Michael Toglia, Jake Mangum, David Segui, Dylan Carlson, Daniel Nava, and J. T. Snow (who, in the final years of his career, hit exclusively left-handed).

History

The first switch-hitter in baseball history was Bob Ferguson. His switch-hitting was different that of today's baseball game, as he switched sides simply based on his feeling at a particular moment or certain situational reasons (such as an elite fielder on one side of the diamond). Ferguson took a notable at-bat in 1870, where he walked off the game while batting from the left side, when he had typically batted right-handed.^[3]

Switch hitters were not productive in the dead-ball era or the early live-ball era. Since the advent of the live-ball era, switch hitters have served to produce a high on-base percentage.^[4]

The number of switch hitters in MLB peaked in 1987 and has declined since, according to Baseball Reference data.^[5] In 2018, there were 48 switch hitters on MLB rosters. Five of the league's 30 teams did not have a switch hitter on their roster that season.^[6] By 2024, there were 58 switch hitters and less than half of them were American-born players.^[5]

Switch-hitting pitchers

While pitchers batting has become increasingly rare with the adoption of the designated hitter by the American League in 1973 and by the National League in 2022, there have been some major league pitchers who could bat from either side of the plate. These include: Mordecai Brown, Norm Charlton,^[7] Marvin Rotblatt, Sid Monge, Johnny Vander Meer, J.C. Romero, Kyle Snyder, Wandy Rodriguez, Troy Patton, Tim Dillard, Tyler Johnson, Carlos Zambrano, Dock Ellis, Vida Blue, Anthony Claggett, Kris Medlen, Justin De Fratus, Drew Storen, Kenley Jansen, Derek Holland, Turk Wendell, Pat Neshek, Adam Ottavino, Ken Waldichuk, Dylan Bundy, and Lance Lynn.

Joaquín Andújar sometimes hit right-handed against lefties, sometimes left-handed. Tomo Ohka batted left-handed against right-handed pitchers in three games in 2006, but otherwise batted exclusively right-handed. Left-handed reliever Steve Kline was primarily a switch hitter but batted right-handed against right-handed pitchers several times throughout his career.^[8] Management also had a say in the switch-hitting careers of Bob Gibson and Dwight Gooden. Both Gibson and Gooden (each right handed and capable batters) reached the majors as a switch hitter, but their teams required them to bat only right handed to reduce the possibility of their pitching arms being hit by a pitch.

Switch-hitting pitchers should not be confused with a switch pitcher, a player who can pitch both right-handed and left-handed, which is very uncommon.

Notable switch hitters

Members of the Baseball Hall of Fame

• Roberto Alomar
• Roger Connor – All-time home run champion before Babe Ruth.
• Frankie Frisch – The only other switch-hitter with an extended career to hit .300 from each side of home plate.
• Chipper Jones – First-ballot Hall of Famer, and the most recent of only two switch-hitters with extended MLB careers (5,000 at-bats or more) to have a career batting average of .300 from each side of home plate.
• Mickey Mantle – The all-time home run leader among switch-hitters, a first-ballot Hall of Famer.
• Eddie Murray – The only other switch-hitter (apart from Mantle) with 500 career homers. Also, is one of two switch hitters (Pete Rose being the other) with at least 3,000 hits.
• Tim Raines – Four-time National League (NL) stolen base leader
• Ted Simmons – Eight-time All-Star
• Ozzie Smith – Shortstop who did not hit a home run left-handed until his game-winning blast in Game 5 of the 1985 National League Championship Series, his 3,009th career at-bat (including postseason) from the left side. 15-time All-Star and one Silver Slugger
• Early Wynn – Won 300 games as a pitcher

League leaders and multi-time All-Stars

• Carlos Beltrán – Nine-time All-Star
• Lance Berkman – Six-time All-Star
• Chili Davis – Three-time All-Star
• Ketel Marte – Three-time All-Star
• Bill Mueller – 2003 batting title, only player in MLB history to hit a grand slam from each side of the plate in the same game.
• Francisco Lindor – Five-time All-Star, two 30–30 seasons
• Jorge Posada – Five-time All-Star, five-time Silver Slugger
• José Ramírez – Seven-time All-Star, three 30–30 seasons
• Cal Raleigh – Broke the single-season home run record for catchers and switch-hitters in 2025.^[9]
• José Reyes – Four-time All-Star, four-time NL stolen base leader
• Jimmy Rollins – Phillies all-time career leader in hits and doubles, 2007 NL MVP and Silver Slugger, three-time All-Star and four-time Gold Glover.
• Pete Rose – Career hits leader in MLB, 17-time All-Star, 1973 NL MVP
• Reggie Smith – Seven-time All-Star
• Mark Teixeira – 2009 home run and RBI leader, three-time All-Star
• Jason Varitek – Three-time All-Star, Became the first player in MLB history to catch four no-hitters (later tied by Carlos Ruiz in 2015)
• Carlos Zambrano – Three-time All-Star, three-time Silver Slugger, NL wins leader in 2008
• Ben Zobrist – Three-time All-Star^[10]

See also

• Ambidexterity
• Left-handed specialist
• Lefty-righty switch
• Switch hit, a cricket shot