Sydney Pollack

Sydney Irwin Pollack (July 1, 1934 – May 26, 2008) was an American film director, producer, and actor. Pollack is known for directing commercially and critically acclaimed studio films. During his 40-year career, he received numerous accolades, including two Academy Awards and two Primetime Emmy Awards, in addition to nominations for three Golden Globe Awards and six BAFTA Awards.

Sydney Pollack
Pollack at the Metropolitan Opera House, 2006
Born	Sydney Irwin Pollack (1934-07-01)July 1, 1934 Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.
Died	May 26, 2008(2008-05-26) (aged 73) Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Occupations	Film director producer actor
Years active	1955–2008
Spouse	Claire Bradley Griswold ​ ​ (m. 1958)​
Children	3

Pollack won the Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture for Out of Africa (1985).^[1] He was also nominated for Academy Awards for Best Director for They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969) and Tootsie (1982). Pollack's other notable films include Jeremiah Johnson (1972), The Way We Were (1973), The Yakuza (1974), Three Days of the Condor (1975), Absence of Malice (1981), The Firm (1993), and Sabrina (1995).

Pollack produced and acted in Michael Clayton (2007). Other films he produced include The Fabulous Baker Boys (1989), Sense and Sensibility (1995), The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), Iris (2001), Cold Mountain (2003) and The Reader (2008). Pollack acted in Robert Altman's The Player (1992), Woody Allen's Husbands and Wives (1993), and Stanley Kubrick's Eyes Wide Shut (1999).

Early life

Pollack was born in Lafayette, Indiana, to a family of Jewish immigrants, the son of Rebecca (née Miller) and David Pollack, a semi-professional boxer and pharmacist.^[2] The family relocated to South Bend, and his parents divorced when he was young. His mother, who suffered from alcoholism and emotional problems, died at age 37, when Pollack was 16.^[2][3]

Despite earlier plans to attend college and then medical school, Pollack left Indiana for New York City soon after finishing high school at 17.^[4] From 1952 to 1954 he studied acting with Sanford Meisner at the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre, working on a lumber truck between terms.^[4]

Pollack was drafted for two years' army service as a truck driver at Fort Carson, Colorado,^[5] ending in 1958. He returned to the Playhouse at Meisner's invitation to become his assistant.^[6] In 1960, John Frankenheimer, a friend of Pollack's, asked him to work in Los Angeles as a dialogue coach for the child actors in Frankenheimer's first big movie, The Young Savages. During this time Pollack met Burt Lancaster, who encouraged him to try directing.^[6]

Career

Pollack played a director in the 1960 The Twilight Zone episode "The Trouble with Templeton". He made his feature film debut as an actor in Denis Sanders's War Hunt (1962), where he met Robert Redford, the male lead in seven films Pollack directed.

Pollack first found success in television in the 1960s by directing episodes of series, such as The Fugitive and The Alfred Hitchcock Hour. After that he directed a string of movies that drew public attention. His directorial debut was The Slender Thread (1965).^[3] Pollack's films received 48 Academy Award nominations and won 11 Oscars. His first Oscar nomination was for his 1969 film They Shoot Horses, Don't They?, and his second in 1982 for Tootsie. For his 1985 film Out of Africa, starring Meryl Streep and Robert Redford, Pollack won Academy Awards for directing and producing.^[1]

During his career, he directed 12 actors in Oscar-nominated performances: Jane Fonda, Gig Young, Susannah York, Barbra Streisand, Paul Newman, Melinda Dillon, Jessica Lange, Dustin Hoffman, Teri Garr, Meryl Streep, Klaus Maria Brandauer, and Holly Hunter. Young and Lange won Oscars for their performances in Pollack's films.

In 1984, Pollack helped found the American Cinematheque in Los Angeles, becoming co-chairman.^[7][8]

One of a select group of non- and/or former actors awarded membership in the Actors Studio,^[9] Pollack resumed acting in the 1990s with appearances in Robert Altman's The Player (1992) and Stanley Kubrick's Eyes Wide Shut (1999), often playing corrupt or morally conflicted power figures. As a character actor, he appeared in films such as A Civil Action, and Changing Lanes, as well as his own, including Random Hearts and The Interpreter (the latter also his final non-documentary film as a director). He also appeared in Woody Allen's Husbands and Wives as a New York lawyer undergoing a midlife crisis, and in Robert Zemeckis's Death Becomes Her as an emergency room doctor. His last role was as Patrick Dempsey's father in the 2008 romantic comedy Made of Honor, which was in theaters at the time of his death. He was a recurring guest star on the NBC sitcom Will & Grace, playing Will Truman's (Eric McCormack) unfaithful but loving father, George. He also appeared on NBC's Just Shoot Me and Mad About You and in 2007 made guest appearances on HBO's The Sopranos and Entourage.

Pollack received the first annual Extraordinary Contribution to Filmmaking award from the Austin Film Festival on October 21, 2006. As a producer he helped guide many films that were successful with both critics and audiences, such as The Fabulous Baker Boys, The Talented Mr. Ripley, and Michael Clayton, a film in which he also starred and for which he received his sixth Academy Award nomination, in the Best Picture category. Pollack and the English director Anthony Minghella formed the production company Mirage Enterprises. The last film they produced together, The Reader, earned them both posthumous Oscar nominations for Best Picture. Pollack was also nominated for five Primetime Emmys, earning two: one for directing in 1966 and another for producing, which was given four months after his death in 2008.

The moving image collection of Sydney Pollack is housed at the Academy Film Archive.^[10]

Influences

In the 2002 Sight & Sound Directors' Poll, Pollack listed his top ten films in alphabetical order:^[11]

• Casablanca (1943)
• Citizen Kane (1941)
• The Conformist (1970)
• The Godfather Part II (1974)
• Grand Illusion (1937)
• The Leopard (1963)
• Once Upon a Time in America (1984)
• Raging Bull (1980)
• The Seventh Seal (1957)
• Sunset Boulevard (1950)

Personal life and death

Pollack was married to Claire Bradley Griswold, a former student of his, from 1958 until his death in 2008. They had three children.^[12]

Concerns about Pollack's health surfaced in 2007, when he withdrew from directing HBO's television film Recount, which aired on May 25, 2008.^[13] He died from cancer the next day at his home in Los Angeles's Pacific Palisades neighborhood, aged 73.^[12] He had been diagnosed about ten months before his death; the type of cancer has been variously cited as pancreatic,^[14] stomach,^[15] or of unknown primary origin.^[16]

Filmography

Film

Directing and producing

Year	Title	Director	Producer	Notes
1965	The Slender Thread	Yes	No	Paramount Pictures
1966	This Property Is Condemned	Yes	No
1968	The Scalphunters	Yes	No	United Artists
1969	Castle Keep	Yes	No	Columbia Pictures
	They Shoot Horses, Don't They?	Yes	No	Cinerama Releasing Corporation
1972	Jeremiah Johnson	Yes	No	Warner Bros.
1973	The Way We Were	Yes	No	Columbia Pictures
1974	The Yakuza	Yes	Yes	Warner Bros
1975	Three Days of the Condor	Yes	No	Paramount Pictures
1977	Bobby Deerfield	Yes	Yes	Warner Bros
1979	The Electric Horseman	Yes	No	Universal Pictures
1981	Absence of Malice	Yes	No	Columbia Pictures
1982	Tootsie	Yes	Yes
1985	Out of Africa	Yes	Yes	Universal Pictures
1990	Havana	Yes	No
1993	The Firm	Yes	Yes	Paramount Pictures
1995	Sabrina	Yes	Yes
1999	Random Hearts	Yes	Yes	Columbia Pictures
2005	The Interpreter	Yes	No	Universal Pictures
2006	Sketches of Frank Gehry	Yes	Executive	Sony Pictures Classics
2018	Amazing Grace	Yes	No	Neon

As executive producer

• Sanford Meisner: The American Theatre's Best Kept Secret (1985)
• The Fabulous Baker Boys (1989)
• King Ralph (1991)
• Searching for Bobby Fischer (1993)
• Sense and Sensibility (1995)
• The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999)
• Iris (2001)
• Birthday Girl (2001)
• The Quiet American (2002)
• Leatherheads (2008)
• Recount (2008)

As producer only

• Songwriter (1984)
• Bright Lights, Big City (1988)
• Presumed Innocent (1990)
• Sliding Doors (1998)
• Cold Mountain (2003)
• Breaking and Entering (2006)
• Michael Clayton (2007)
• The Reader (2008)
• Margaret (2011)

Acting roles

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1962	War Hunt	Sergeant Owen Van Horn
1975	Three Days of the Condor	Taxi Driver
1979	The Electric Horseman	Man Who Makes Pass At Alice	Uncredited
1982	Tootsie	George Fields
1992	The Player	Dick Mellon
	Death Becomes Her	Emergency Room Doctor	Uncredited
	Husbands and Wives	Jack
1998	A Civil Action	Al Eustis
1999	Eyes Wide Shut	Victor Ziegler
	Random Hearts	Carl Broman
2001	The Majestic	Studio Executive	Voice
2002	Changing Lanes	Stephen Delano
2005	The Interpreter	Secret Service Director Jay Pettigrew	Uncredited
2006	Fauteuils d'orchestre	Brian Sobinski
2007	Michael Clayton	Marty Bach
2008	Made of Honor	Thomas Bailey Sr.	Final film role

Television

Acting roles

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1956	The Kaiser Aluminum Hour	Shuber	Episode: "The Army Game"
1959	Playhouse 90	Andres	Episodes: "For Whom the Bell Tolls: Parts 1 & 2"
	The United States Steel Hour	Benson	Episode: "The Case of Julia Walton"
	Armstrong Circle Theatre	Albert Rousseau	Episode: "35 Rue Du Marche"
	Startime	Harry	Episode: "Something Special"
1959–1964	Brenner	Detective Al Dunn	3 episodes
1960	Alfred Hitchcock Presents	Bernie Samuelson	Season 6 Episode 4: "The Contest for Aaron Gold"
	The Twilight Zone	Arthur Willis	Episode: "The Trouble with Templeton"
	Tales of Wells Fargo	Stan Ryker	Episode: "Angry Town"
1961	The Untouchables	Charlie	Episode: "The Big Train Part One"
	Have Gun – Will Travel	Joe Culp	Episodes: "Quiet Night in Town: Part 1 & 2"
	The Deputy	Chuck Johnson	Episode: "Spoken in Silence"
	The Asphalt Jungle	Louie	Episode: "The Professor"
1961–1962	The New Breed	Austin Rogers Bert Masters	2 episodes
1962	Ben Casey	Unknown	Episode: "Monument to an Aged Hunter"
1994	Frasier	Holden Thorpe (voice)	Episode: "The Candidate"
1998	Mad About You	Dr. Sydney Warren	Episode: "Cheating on Sheila"
2000	Just Shoot Me!	Himself	Episode: "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn"
	King of the Hill	Grant Trimble	Voice; Season 4: "Episode 23"
2000–2006	Will & Grace	George Truman	4 episodes
2003	Charlie: The Life and Art of Charles Chaplin	Narrator	Voice; Documentary
2005	One Six Right: The Romance of Flying	Himself	Documentary
2006	American Masters	Narrator	Episode: "John Ford/John Wayne"
2007	The Sopranos	Warren Feldman	Episode: "Stage 5"
	Entourage	Himself

Awards and nominations

Year	Award	Category	Project	Result
1970	Academy Awards	Best Director	They Shoot Horses, Don't They?	Nominated
1983		Best Picture	Tootsie	Nominated
		Best Director		Nominated
1986		Best Picture	Out of Africa	Won
		Best Director		Won
2008		Best Picture	Michael Clayton	Nominated
2009			The Reader	Nominated
1963	Primetime Emmy Awards	Outstanding Directing – Drama Series	Ben Casey	Nominated
1964			Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre	Nominated
1966				Won
2008		Outstanding Television Movie	Recount	Won
		Outstanding Variety Special	James Taylor: One Man Band	Nominated
1969	Golden Globe Awards	Best Director	They Shoot Horses Don't They?	Nominated
1982			Tootsie	Nominated
1985			Out of Africa	Nominated
1983	British Academy Film Awards	Best Film	Tootsie	Nominated
		Best Director		Nominated
1998		Outstanding British Film	Sliding Doors	Nominated
2003		Best Film	Cold Mountain	Nominated
		Outstanding British Film		Nominated
2008		Best Film	The Reader	Nominated

Awards and nominations received by Pollack's films

Year	Title	Academy Awards		BAFTA Awards		Golden Globe Awards
		Nominations	Wins	Nominations	Wins	Nominations	Wins
1965	The Slender Thread	2				1
1966	This Property Is Condemned					1
1968	The Scalphunters					1
1969	They Shoot Horses, Don't They?	9	1	6	1	6	1
1973	The Way We Were	6	2	1		2	1
1975	Three Days of the Condor	1				1
1977	Bobby Deerfield					1
1979	The Electric Horseman	1
1981	Absence of Malice	3				2
1982	Tootsie	10	1	9	2	5	3
1985	Out of Africa	11	7	7	3	6	3
1990	Havana	1				1
1993	The Firm	2		1
1995	Sabrina	2				3
Total		48	11	24	6	30	8

Directed Academy Award Performances

Year	Performer	Film	Result
Academy Award for Best Actor
1981	Paul Newman	Absence of Malice	Nominated
1982	Dustin Hoffman	Tootsie	Nominated
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
1969	Gig Young	They Shoot Horses, Don't They?	Won
1985	Klaus Maria Brandauer	Out of Africa	Nominated
Academy Award for Best Actress
1969	Jane Fonda	They Shoot Horses, Don't They?	Nominated
1973	Barbra Streisand	The Way We Were	Nominated
1985	Meryl Streep	Out of Africa	Nominated
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
1969	Susannah York	They Shoot Horses, Don't They?	Nominated
1981	Melinda Dillon	Absence of Malice	Nominated
1982	Jessica Lange	Tootsie	Won
	Teri Garr		Nominated
1993	Holly Hunter	The Firm	Nominated