Symphyotrichum laeve

Symphyotrichum laeve (formerly Aster laevis) is a flowering plant native to Canada, the United States, and Coahuila (Mexico). It has the common names of smooth blue aster,^[5] smooth aster,^[4] smooth-leaved aster, glaucous Michaelmas-daisy^[6] and glaucous aster.^[4]

Symphyotrichum laeve
Conservation status
Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Tribe:	Astereae
Subtribe:	Symphyotrichinae
Genus:	Symphyotrichum
Subgenus:	Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum
Section:	Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum
Species:	S. laeve
Binomial name
Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve[2]
Varieties[2]
S. laeve var. laeve S. laeve var. concinnum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom S. laeve var. geyeri (A.Gray) G.L.Nesom S. laeve var. purpuratum (Nees) G.L.Nesom
North American distribution[2][3][4]
Synonyms[2]
Basionym Aster laevis L. Alphabetical list Aster amplexicaulis Muhl. ex Willd. Aster autranii Post Aster bupleurifolius Nees Aster cyaneus Hoffm. Aster decorus Desf. ex DC. Aster expansus Nees Aster falcidens E.S.Burgess Aster glaucescens Wender. ex Nees Aster glaucus Nees Aster laevigatus Hook. Aster laevis var. abbreviatus Lunell Aster laevis f. amplifolius (Porter) Fernald Aster laevis var. amplifolius Porter Aster laevis f. beckwithiae House Aster laevis var. cyaneus (Hoffm.) Torr. Aster laevis var. falcatus Farw. Aster laevis f. falcatus (Farw.) F.Seym. Aster laevis f. latifolius (Porter) Shinners Aster laevis var. latifolius Porter Aster laevis var. panduratus Farw. Aster laevis f. purpurascens Farw. Aster laevis var. simplex Cockerell Aster laevis var. sourisensis Lunell Aster laevis var. strictiflorus Osterh. Aster laevis var. thyrsoideus Farw. Aster laevis var. undulatifolius Lunell Aster lucidus Loudon Aster pensilvanicus Poir. Aster pickettianus Suksd. Aster politus Nees Aster rubricaulis Lam. Aster steeleorum Shinners Diplactis cyanea Raf.

Description

Smooth aster is 20 to 70 centimeters (8 to 28 inches) tall.^[7] Its leaves are arranged alternately on the stems, and their shape varies among lanceolate, oblong-ovate, oblong-obovate, and ovate.^[8] They measure from 3 to 20 centimeters (1 to 8 inches) long and from 1 to 2.5 cm (3⁄8 to 1 in) wide. They are usually hairless, and the leaf edges are entire or bluntly or sharply toothed (crenate or serrate), sometimes with smaller teeth (serrulate).^[7]

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The flower heads are arranged in clusters (panicles). Each flower head has 13 to 23 ray florets with pale to dark blue or purple petals (laminae), and 19 to 33 disc florets that start out yellow and eventually turn purplish-red.^[7] The whole flowerhead measures 13 to 25 millimeters (1⁄2 to 1 in) across.^[8]

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The seeds are cypselae with pappi (bristles at their tips).^[7] Like the hairs on dandelion seeds, the pappi allow the seeds to be spread by the wind.^[8]

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Taxonomy

There are four varieties: Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve, S. laeve var. geyeri (Geyer's aster^[3]), S. laeve var. concinnum, and S. laeve var. purpuratum.^[7]

Hybrids with this species and others of the genus have been reported, including three named as follows:^[9]

• Symphyotrichum × gravesii between S. laeve var. laeve and S. dumosum;
• Symphyotrichum × versicolor between S. laeve var. laeve and S. novi-belgii var. novi-belgii; and,
• Symphyotrichum × woldenii between S. laeve var. laeve and S. praealtum, which instead may be between S. oolentangiense and S. praealtum.

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  Symphyotrichum × gravesii
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  Symphyotrichum × versicolor
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  Symphyotrichum × woldenii

Species classifications

• Symphyotrichum subg. Chapmaniana[ref 1]: 133  S. chapmanii subg. Astropolium[ref 1]: 133  S. divaricatum S. glabrifolium S. graminifolium S. martii S. parviflorum S. patagonicum S. peteroanum S. potosinum S. regnellii S. subulatum S. tenuifolium S. vahlii subg. Virgulus[ref 2]: 272  sect. Ericoidei[ref 2]: 274  S. ericoides S. falcatum sect. Patentes[ref 2]: 274  ssect. Brachyphylli[ref 2]: 274  S. adnatum S. walteri ssect. Patentes[ref 2]: 274  S. georgianum S. patens S. phlogifolium sect. Grandiflori[ref 2]: 273  ssect. Mexicanae[ref 2]: 273  S. bimater S. chihuahuense S. hintonii S. moranense S. purpurascens S. trilineatum S. turneri ssect. Grandiflori[ref 2]: 273  S. campestre S. estesii S. fendleri S. fontinale S. grandiflorum S. oblongifolium S. pygmaeum S. yukonense sect. Polyliguli[ref 1]: 133  S. novae-angliae sect. Concolores[ref 2]: 275  S. concolor S. lucayanum S. plumosum S. pratense S. sericeum subg. Ascendentes[ref 3][ref 1]: 133                                                                                     S. ascendens S. defoliatum subg. Symphyotrichum[ref 2]: 267  sect. Conyzopsis[ref 2]: 271  S. ciliatum S. frondosum S. laurentianum sect. Occidentales[ref 2]: 271  S. chilense S. eatonii S. foliaceum S. greatae S. hallii S. hendersonii S. jessicae S. lentum S. molle S. spathulatum S. subspicatum sect. Turbinelli[ref 1]: 133  S. turbinellum sect. Symphyotrichum[ref 2]: 268  ssect. Dumosi[ref 2]: 269  S. boreale S. bullatum S. burgessii S. carnerosanum S. dumosum S. eulae S. lanceolatum S. lateriflorum S. leone S. nahanniense S. ontarionis S. praealtum S. racemosum S. schaffneri S. simmondsii S. tradescantii S. welshii ssect. Heterophylli[ref 1]: 133  ser. Concinni[ref 1]: 133    S. laeve S. oolentangiense ser. Cordifolii[ref 1]: 133    S. anomalum S. ciliolatum S. cordifolium S. drummondii S. shortii S. undulatum S. urophyllum ssect. Porteriani[ref 2]: 270  S. depauperatum S. kentuckiense S. parviceps S. pilosum S. porteri ssect. Symphyotrichum ser. Punicei[ref 1]: 133  S. elliottii S. firmum S. prenanthoides S. puniceum S. rhiannon ser. Symphyotrichum S. anticostense S. novi-belgii S. retroflexum S. robynsianum

  Cladogram references Semple, J.C.; Heard, S.B.; Brouillet, L. (2002). "Cultivated and Native Asters of Ontario (Compositae: Astereae)". University of Waterloo Biology Series. 41. Ontario: University of Waterloo: 1–134. Nesom, G.L. (September 1994). "Review of the Taxonomy of Aster sensu lato (Asteraceae: Astereae), Emphasizing the New World Species". Phytologia. 77 (3) (published 31 January 1995): 141–297. ISSN 0031-9430. Retrieved 23 August 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library. Sugbenus Ascendentes is made up of two allopolyploid species with historic parents from subg. Virgulus and subg. Symphyotrichum.

Distribution and habitat

Symphyotrichum laeve varieties are native to Canada, the United States,^[2] and Coahuila (Mexico).^[3] The species is introduced in Québec and New Brunswick.^[4]

S. laeve grows in fields, open woods, and along roadsides^[10] in rocky or dry soil and full sun.^[11]

Ecology

Symphyotrichum laeve blooms in late summer and early fall. It is pollinated by many native bees^[10] and attracts butterflies.^[11] It is a larval host for the pearl crescent butterfly (Phyciodes tharos).^[12][8]

Conservation