Synchrotron function

In mathematics the synchrotron functions are defined as follows (for x ≥ 0):^[1]

• First synchrotron function $${\displaystyle F(x)=x\int _{x}^{\infty }K_{\frac {5}{3}}(t)\,dt}$$
• Second synchrotron function $${\displaystyle G(x)=xK_{\frac {2}{3}}(x)}$$

First and second Synchrotron functions.

where K_j is the modified Bessel function of the second kind.

Use in astrophysics

In astrophysics, x is usually a ratio of frequencies, that is, the frequency over a critical frequency (critical frequency is the frequency at which most synchrotron radiation is radiated). This is needed when calculating the spectra for different types of synchrotron emission. It takes a spectrum of electrons (or any charged particle) generated by a separate process (such as a power law distribution of electrons and positrons from a constant injection spectrum) and converts this to the spectrum of photons generated by the input electrons/positrons.