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Syrian Express

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Syrian Express
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The Syrian Express is the name used to describe the regular supply voyages through the Bosporus[1] to Ba'athist Syria, in particular using amphibious warfare ships of the Russian Navy, that were made during the Syrian civil war (2011–2024).[2][3] Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 the Turkish authorities were persuaded to implement terms of the Montreux convention, banning the passage of further military vessels through the Bosporus.[4] With the fall of the Syrian regime the change in nature of the Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war will lead to a further change in the nature of the traffic using this route.[5]

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The landing ship Aleksandr Shabalin transits the Bosporus on 23 November 2013
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Name

The supply route to Syria was dubbed the "Syrian Express" by Russian sailors[6] after its launch in 2012.[7] Presumably, it is a reference to the Imperial Japanese Navy's Tokyo Express, supplying Japanese forces during the Guadalcanal campaign in the Pacific theater of World War II.[8]

Ships involved

Black Sea Fleet

197th Landing Ship Brigade

Others
  • Kyzyl-60 (ex-Smyrna, Turkey)
  • Kazan-60 [ru] (ex–Georgy Agafonov, Ukraine)
  • Vologda-50 (ex-Dadali, Turkey)
  • Dvinitsa-50 (ex–Alican Deval, Turkey)

Baltic Fleet

Northern Fleet

Civilian vessels

  • MV Alexander Tkachenko

Other logistic vessels

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References

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