TEM (nuclear propulsion)

TEM (Russian: Транспортно-энергетический модуль, "transport and energy module\unit", NPPS in English) is an under development nuclear propulsion spacecraft with the intention to facilitate the transportation of large cargoes in deep space.^[2] It will be constructed by the Russian Keldysh Research Center,^[3] NIKIET (Research and Design Institute of Power Engineering) institute,^[4] and Rosatom.

Transport and Energy Module (TEM)
Generation	Generation IV
Reactor concept	Gas-cooled reactor (GCR)
Designed by	Keldysh Research Center Rosatom Roscosmos NIKIET institute
Manufactured by	Keldysh Research Center NIKIET institute
Status	Under development
Main parameters of the reactor core
Fuel (fissile material)	Information missing
Fuel state	Solid
Neutron energy spectrum	Thermal
Primary coolant	helium 78% - xenon 22% [1]
Reactor usage
Primary use	Generation of electricity for propulsion
Power (thermal)	3.8 MW
Power (electric)	1 MWe (BWR-1)

Mission

A Russian project to create an uncrewed nuclear electric rocket spaceship for Solar system exploration. The first reactor tests are scheduled for the early 2020s; as of May 2020, the first orbital flight test of the reactor is planned for no earlier than 2030.^[3] The first mission, named Zeus, is envisioned to operate for 50 months and deliver payloads to the Moon, Venus, and Jupiter through multiple gravity assists.^[5]

Specifications

Reactor

• Coolant: 78% helium/22% xenon.
• Heat power: 3.8 MW
• Electric power: 1 MW

Spacecraft

• Mass: 20,290 kg (limited by Angara 5 carrying capacity)
• Thrust: 18 N
• Specific impulse: 7000 s
• Space-launch vehicle: Angara

Project history

• 2009 – Project started.
• March 2016 – First batch of nuclear fuel received^{[citation needed]}
• October 2018 – Successful initial tests of the water droplet radiator system^{[citation needed]}
• May 2021 – Zeus mission proposed by Roscosmos and the Russian Academy of Sciences

See also

• Nuclear electric rocket
• Project Prometheus
• RD-0410
• 9M730 Burevestnik