Tadhana (film)

Tadhana^[a] (English: Destiny)^[1] is a 1978 Philippine adult animated musical fantasy comedy film written and directed by cartoonist Nonoy Marcelo, the first Philippine animated film. The film incorporates historical fiction and satire that depicted the well-known people and mythological creatures during the Spanish colonization and its Filipino culture, presents a humorous and poignant view of the Philippines' history through highly original and surreal vignettes fusing art, mythology and music.^[2]

This article is about the 1978 adult animated film. For the song by UDD, see UDD (band) § Discography. For the television series by Marissa L. Flores, see Tadhana.

Tadhana
Archivo 1984 film poster
Directed by	Nonoy Marcelo
Written by	Nonoy Marcelo
Based on	Tadhana: History of the Filipino People by Ferdinand Marcos
Produced by	Imee Marcos
Edited by	Nonoy Marcelo
Music by	Freddie Aguilar
Production company	National Media Production Center
Release date	September 21, 1978 (1978-09-21)
Running time	54 minutes
Country	Philippines
Languages	Filipino English

Based on a book of the same name by Ferdinand Marcos, the tenth president of the Philippines,^[2] Tadhana was commissioned by the Marcos' government to contributed as a part of the martial law propaganda. The film served Imee Marcos as a producer alongside his uncle and collaborator José Zabala-Santos as one of the animators.^[3]

While Tadhana was premiered at one time on Philippine television to commemorate the sixth anniversary of Martial Law, the film's credibility remains obscured, leaving turns with Geirry Garccia's Adarna: The Mythical Bird in 1997.^[4][5] Due to lack of commercial releases, the film was exhibited in private screenings and school events for educational purposes.

Plot

Set before the colonization, zooming and intercutting images of illustrations and maps depict the war between Spain and Portugal for global colonial rights of the Philippines. In preparation to colonize, galleons, led by Ferdinand Magellan, set sail across the Pacific Ocean to one of the Philippine islands, Mactan, where it declares war with armadas against the Filipino natives (Star Wars's main theme) led by Lapu-Lapu (Villame), lops off Magellan's head.

Claimed victory by the natives, Spanish explorer Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (Aviado) surrenders and came in agreement to make a peace treaty with a Bohol chieftain Datu Sikatuna under their blood oath. In the Sandugo (One Blood) Art Exhibit, Legazpi and Sikatuna celebrate the disco alongside several people and mythological creatures (consisting manananggal and tikbalang, etc.) in the blood pact ritual (Throughout the Night by Soul Jugglers). Tensions grew between natives and conquistadors becoming more chaotic in the final minutes.

As the time overpass to centuries, the film ends with the glowing circular logo of Bagong Lipunan.

Cast

• Nonoy Marcelo as Kulafu^[6]
• Pandy Aviado as Miguel Lopez de Legazpi^[6]
• Bert Marcelo as Father Tausi^[6][7]
• Estrella Kuenzler as a veiled sorceress (babaylan)^[1]
• Yoyoy Villame as Lapu-Lapu^[8]
• Mike Parsons as a fraile^[1]

Production

Development

Nonoy Marcelo (left) and Imee Marcos (right) worked together to contribute the film for the sixth anniversary.

After becoming interested in animation while working as a cartoonist, Nonoy Marcelo was hired by the Philippine government and worked in animation at the National Media Production Center beginning in 1977.^[9] He then collaborated with Imee Marcos, with who he had worked with previously on the 1977 documentary film Da Real Makoy,^[10][11] and his uncle José Zabala-Santos by creating the first-ever full-length animated film to come out of the Philippines, which was originally conceived as a television pilot that sought to teach the nation's history from the perspective of the Marcos administration.^[12]

While writing and directing the film, he added his own interpretation of the history of the Philippines as a series of vignettes, including whimsical, satirical, sometimes subversive and particularly anti-clerical touches to the narrative.^[13] Imee insists that while it was not only a literally faithful adaptation of her father's books, it was faithful to their themes.^[8]

Filming

The animation studio was set up in Quezon City to highlight the strategic focus placed on the project.^[14] Production on the film lasted for three months and employed a team of sixty artists, including printmaker Pandy Aviado, who served as the film’s animator and assistant director, and Santiago Bose, by Imee. Some of the production crew and artists also did voice work for the film, including Aviado and Marcelo himself.^[14] Unlike many animated features filmed in 24 frames per second, the film's animation is entirely limited with panoramic drawings using cellulose nitrate or acetate.^[15]

Release

Tadhana made its broadcasting premiere as a television film on GMA 7, RPN 9, and IBC 13 to commemorate the sixth anniversary of Martial Law.^[16][5][7]

Legacy

An excerpt title of the film found from Huling Ptyk: Da Art of Nonoy Marcelo.

Following the immense success of Tadhana and the "turning point" of Philippine animation as a labor hub in the 1980s, it was initiative of broadcasting catered to a broad audience and embedded the film within the popular cultural milieu of the time.^[17] Due to lack of commercial release in local theaters, the film was never credited to be the first animated film from the Philippines until Adarna: The Mythical Bird in 1997.^[4][5]

None of copies of known print or negative 35mm film were found in the GMA archive after one-time broadcast until two decades later, when a video copy was recorded from that broadcast by Mr. Teddy Co, who lent the copy to Mowelfund Film Institute.^[8]

Tadhana was screened at the National Gallery Singapore’s ‘Painting with Light,’ an annual festival of international films on art.^[18] Before the screening, the film was rated NC16 for "some nudity" by the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA).^[19]

Notes

1. Also known as Nonoy Marcelo's "Tadhana: A History of the Filipino People"