Tchagra

The tchagras are passerine birds in the bushshrike family, which are closely related to the true shrikes in the family Laniidae, and were once included in that group.

Tchagra
Brown-crowned (above) and Black-crowned tchagra (below)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Malaconotidae
Genus:	Tchagra Lesson, 1831
Type species
Thamnophilus tchagra[1] Vieillot, 1816
Species
See text

Description

These are long-tailed birds, typically with a grey or grey-brown back, brown wings and grey and whitish underparts. The head pattern is distinctive, with a dark cap and black eyestripe separated by a white supercilium. The bill is strong and hooked.

The male and female are similar in plumage in all tchagra species, but distinguishable from immature birds.

These are solitary birds which tend to skulk low down or on the ground. They have distinctive whistled calls and can be readily tempted into sight by imitating the call, presumably because the tchagra is concerned that there is an intruder in its territory.

These are species typically of scrub, open woodland, semi-desert and cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa. They hunt large insects from a low perch in a bush, and the larger species like black-crowned tchagra will also take vertebrate prey such as frogs and snakes.

Extant Species

The genus Tchagra was introduced by the French naturalist René Lesson in 1831 with the southern tchagra as the type species.^[2] The genus contains four species:^[3]

Image	Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
	Tchagra australis	Brown-crowned tchagra or brown-headed tchagra	Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, DRC, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa, South Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
	Tchagra jamesi	Three-streaked tchagra	Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda
	Tchagra tchagra	Southern tchagra	southern and south-eastern South Africa and Swaziland.
	Tchagra senegalus	Black-crowned tchagra	Arabian peninsula and most of Africa in scrub

The marsh tchagra Bocagia minuta is sometimes placed in the genus. The dark Angolan subspecies of marsh tchagra was formerly sometimes split as Anchieta's tchagra, Tchagra anchietae, named after Portuguese explorer José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta by his zoologist compatriot José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage in 1869.