Théodore Ralli

Théodore Jacques Ralli or Theodorus Rallis (full name: Theodoros Rallis-Scaramanga; Greek: Θεόδωρος Ράλλης; Constantinople, 16 February 1852 – 2 October 1909, Lausanne) was an ethnic Greek painter, watercolourist and draughtsman, who spent most of his working life in France and Egypt.^[1][2] He painted genre works, portraits, local figures, architectural subjects, interiors with figures and animals. But he is best known for his orientalist paintings.^[1][3][4] Artnet has tracked over 217 paintings and 15 works on paper attributed to Rallis. Rallis was a student of Jean-Léon Gérôme and Jean-Jules-Antoine Lecomte du Nouy, both painters were orientalist, and Gérôme also painted in the style known as academicism. Ralli was considered one of Gérôme's best students.^[5]. His work The Booty drew inspiration from Gérôme's The Slave Market. ^[6][7]

Théodore Ralli
Théodore Ralli in his Paris studio
Born	Theodoros Rallis-Scaramanga (1852-02-16)February 16, 1852 Istanbul
Died	October 2, 1909(1909-10-02) (aged 57) Lausanne
Nationality	Greek
Education	Jean-Léon Gérôme
Known for	Painter and draughtsman
Movement	Orientalist

Ralli was born in Constantinople, which is now known as Istanbul, to Greek parents who were originally from Chios. From a young age, he was sent to Paris, France, to study painting. He became interested in academicism and oriental art. In 1875, his works were accepted and exhibited by the prestigious Paris Salon. The young painter also became a member of the Société des Artistes Français and maintained a studio in Paris for the remainder of his life. After 1879, Rallis travelled to London and exhibited his works at the Royal Academy in London and continued an affiliation with the institution throughout his life. In August of 1885, the painter travelled to the Monastic Community of Mount Athos to draw inspiration from Byzantine art, staying for fifteen days. He visited fewer than eleven monasteries, some included: Vatopedi, Esphigmenou, Zographou, and Dohiariou.^[8]. Ralli kept a studio in Cairo, Egypt, where he spent his winters from 1891 to 1904, giving private drawing lessons to the aristocracy. He also maintained a close friendship with the Greek-Alexandrian poet Constantine P. Cavafy.^[5] In 1900, Rallis was awarded the decoration of the Knight of the Legion of Honour by France. Rallis died in Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1909. The most valuable painting of Rallis' called The Captive (Turkish Plunder) sold at a record price of £737,300 or $1,517,767 in 2007.^[9]

Biography

The Captive (Turkish Plunder) by Théodore Ralli c. 1885 sold for $1,517,767 in 2007.

Greek Beauty

He was sent to Paris under the patronage of King Otto of Greece and studied under Jean-Léon Gérôme, French painter and professor at the École des Beaux-Arts, and under Jean-Jules-Antoine Lecomte du Nouy, both known for their orientalist paintings.

Ralli then travelled widely in North Africa and the Middle East, settling for a while in Cairo, Egypt. Here he found his inspiration for the romantic mysticism and suggestive sensuality of his many orientalistic paintings. His other genre paintings were often nostalgic recollections of the life and customs of his Greek homeland, which he portrayed with a delicate and moving reverence. His paintings were elaborated with great attention to detail, with great attention to costumes and facial expressions. The varying light sources in his paintings such as rays of light, candles, or the glowing embers in the fireplace are rendered in soft colours.

Rallis first exhibition was at the Salon in 1875. From 1879 he regularly exhibited at the Royal Academy in London. He was a member of the Société des Artistes Français, where he received an honourable mention in 1885, and a silver medal in 1889 for his whole work He exhibited his paintings in the Salon de Rouen (1897, 1903, 1906 and 1909) and also in Athens during the Olympic Games of 1896. He also served as a member of the competition jury in 1900 at the Exposition Universelle. In 1901 he became a chevalier of the Légion d’Honneur.^[1]

After his death he was slowly almost forgotten. It is telling that his name is not even included in the Grove Dictionary of Art. Most of his paintings are still in private collections and only a few museums have ever purchased his works. A few of his paintings were auctioned in the 20th century, but only obtained modest prices. However in the 21st century, his paintings have been rediscovered and are being auctioned at prices that are a tenfold of some years before, fetching prices from 30,000 to 100,000 euros. On 14 November 2007 a study for the painting Refectory in a Greek Monastery (Mount Athos) (1885) was auctioned at 200,000 euros at Sotheby's in London, and in January 2008, the painting itself was sold at the absolute record price of 670,000 euros to a Greek collector at an auction in Ghent, Belgium.^[10] This was followed by the sale of his oil on canvas, titled Praying Before the Communion at Megara (1890), by Bonhams in London on 25 May 2008, achieving a staggering hammer price of £600,000.^[11]

Museums

• Greek National Gallery, Athens (two paintings)
• Louvre, Paris (one painting)
• Sydney (one painting)

Selected works

• Praying in a Greek church, Mount Parnassus 1876
• Boa Charmer in the Harem (1882) (oil on canvas)
• Snake Charmer in the Harem (1882) (oil on canvas)
• Wake of the Pasha of Tangier (1884) (oil on canvas)
• Refectory in a monastery (Mount Athos) (1885) (oil on canvas)
• Reclining Odalisk (1885) (oil on canvas)
• Sleeping Concubine (1885) (oil on canvas)
• La Demoiselle (1887) (oil on canvas)
• Evening Prayers (1890) (oil on canvas)
• Praying before the Communion, Megara (1890) (oil on canvas) (presented at the Salon of 1890)
• In the mosque, 1891
• Seamstress (1895) (oil on canvas)
• Drama in the Harem (1908) (oil on canvas) (presented at the Salon of 1908)
• Jerusalem
• Before Solomon’s Wall in Jerusalem
• Woman in Arab Interior
• Girls in Orthodox Church
• Benediction (oil on canvas)
• Peasant Woman resting (watercolour and pencil)
• Girl in Church, Candle in Hand (oil on canvas)
• Two camels in the Desert (watercolour heightened with gouache)
• Ah ! Jealous Woman among Jealous Women (oil on canvas)
• The Sultan’s Favourite
• The Offering
• The Bath (oil on canvas)
• Young Beauty (oil on canvas)
• A Greek Beauty (watercolour on paper)
• Portrait of a Greek Girl (Helen of Megara) (oil on panel)
• Two Wise Old Men in Turbans (watercolour)
• Portrait of a Man in Green (oil on canvas on card)
• Sleeping in Church (oil on canvas)
• Entrance to Mary’s Tomb in Jerusalem (watercolour)
• Religious Instruction in an Algerian Mosque (oil on canvas)
• Girl Spinning Wool (oil on panel)
• Portrait of the Artist
• The Booty

See also

• List of Orientalist artists
• Orientalism