Timeline of Aleppo
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Aleppo, Syria.
Prior to 10th century
- Founded before 2000 BCE
- 1800–1525 BCE – part of the Amorite dynasty
- 333 BCE – Alexander the Great in power.
- 286 BCE – Hellenic settlement of Beroea established.
- 88 BCE – City becomes part of Kingdom of Armenia.
- 64 BCE – City becomes part of Roman Syria.
- 611 CE – Persian Chosroes II in power.[1]
- 637
- July–October: Siege of Aleppo by Muslim forces.
- Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque built.
- 717 – Great Mosque built.
10th–12th centuries
- 944 – Sayf al-Dawla in power.
- 962 – City sacked by the Byzantines.[2]
- 1086 - Aleppo submit to the rule of Malik-Shah, the Turkish ruler of the Seljuk Empire[3]
- 1094 – After defeating opposing Seljuk governor Aq Sunqur, Tutush becomes ruler of the city.[4]
- 1124 – City besieged by Christian crusaders under Baldwin II of Jerusalem.[5]
- 1124 – Al-Halawiyah Madrasa built.
- 1138 – 11 October: Earthquake was one of deadliest of all time.
- 1168 – Al-Muqaddamiyah Madrasa established.
- 1170 – 29 June: Earthquake.[5]
- 1183 – Saladin assumes power.[1]
- 1193
- Az-Zahir Ghazi in power.
- Al-Shadbakhtiyah Madrasa built.
13th century
- 1211 – Hammam al-Sultan built.
- 1212 – Bab al-Nasr (gate) rebuilt.
- 1218 – Aqueduct restored.[5]
- 1223 – Al-Sultaniyah Madrasa established.
- 1230 – Bab al-Maqam (gate) built.
- 1236 – Al-Firdaws Madrasa established.
- 1237
- Khanqah al-Farafira (monastery) and Al-Kameliyah Madrasa built.
- Bab al-Nairab (gate) built (approximate date).
- 1242 – Al-Sharafiyah Madrasa built.
- 1251 – Al-Turantaiyah Madrasa built.
- 1256 – Bab Qinnasrin (gate) rebuilt.
- 1260 – City besieged by Mongol forces under Hulagu Khan.[2]
- 1280 – City besieged by Mongol forces.[2]
14th–15th centuries
- 1303 – Mahmandar Mosque built.
- 1318 – Altun Bogha Mosque built.
- 1350 – Al-Sahibiyah Mosque built.
- 1354 – Bimaristan Arghun al-Kamili (asylum) active.
- 1398 – Al-Otrush Mosque and Al-Tawashi mosque built.
- 1400 – City sacked by forces of Timur of Transoxia.[2]
- 1427 – Citadel expanded.[2]
- 1418 – Central Synagogue rebuilt.[citation needed]
- 1425 – Al-Saffahiyah Mosque built.
- 1429 – Forty Martyrs Cathedral consecrated.
- 1450
- Khan al-Qadi active in Al-Madina Souq.[citation needed]
- Hammam al-Bayadah built.
- 1472 – Khan al-Burghul built in Al-Madina Souq.
- 1491 – Hammam Yalbugha built.
- 1500
- Cathedral of Our Lady of Syrians built.
- Church of the Dormition of Our Lady renovated.
16th century
- 1509 – Bab al-Hadid (gate) rebuilt.
- 1516 – Ottoman Selim I in power.[2]
- 1517 – Becomes part of Ottoman Empire.
- 1534 – City becomes capital of Aleppo Eyalet.
- 1537 – Population: 80,000.[6]
- 1539 – Souq Khan al-Nahhaseen built in Al-Madina Souq.
- 1546 – Khan al-Shouneh built in Al-Madina Souq.
- 1547 – Khusruwiyah Mosque built.
- 1548 – Consulate of Republic of Venice established.[7]
- 1557 – Al-Adiliyah Mosque built (approximate date).
- 1562 – Consulate of France established.[7]
- 1583 – Consulate of England established.[7]
17th–18th centuries
- 1603 – Beit Wakil (mansion) built.
- 1622 – Levant Company in business.[8]
- 1613 – Consulate of the Netherlands established.[7]
- 1629 – Guild of "makers of swords, knives, daggers, bows, and shields" organized.[9]
- 1682 - Souq Khan al-Wazir built in Al-Madina Souq.
- 1683 - Population: 115,000.[6]
- 1706 - Printing press established.[10]
- 1724 – Al-Ahmadiyah Madrasa established.
- 1730 – Madrasa Ridaiya established.
19th century
- 1805 – Uprising.[1]
- 1812 – Earthquake;[11] citadel collapses.[12]
- 1814 – "Janissary massacre."[1]
- 1822 – Earthquake.[5]
- 1823
- 1827 – Plague.[14]
- 1830 – Earthquake.[2]
- 1832
- Ibrahim Pasha takes city for Muhammad Ali of Egypt.
- Cholera outbreak.[14]
- 1834 – Military barracks built in the Citadel.
- 1840 – Mohammed Ali relinquishes power.
- 1850
- City besieged by Beduins.[2]
- Massacre of Aleppo (1850).
- 1853 – Pogrom of Jews.
- 1858 – Population: 70,000 (approximate).[5]
- 1859 – Terre-Sainte College opens.
- 1864 – City becomes capital of Aleppo Vilayet.
- 1868 – Municipal council formed.
- 1873 – Saint Elias Cathedral built.
- 1875 – Pogrom of Jews.
- 1878 – Population: 95,000 (approximate).[2]
- 1885 – Aleppo chamber of commerce founded.
- 1892 – Thanawiyyat al-Ma'mun (school) opens.[15]
- 1899 - Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower built.
20th century
- 1901 – Ades Synagogue established.
- 1906 – Hama-Aleppo railway in operation.[16]
- 1909 – Abd al-Wahab al-Inklizi becomes mayor.[17]
- 1910
- 1911 – Baron Hotel in business.
- 1912 – Baghdad Railway in operation.[7]
- 1916 – Aleppo College established.
- 1918 – Ihsan al-Jabiri becomes mayor.[17]
- 1920 - Syria mandated to the French; city becomes capital of State of Aleppo.
- 1922 - Red Hand Society organized (approximate date).[17]
- 1924
- 1925 – Al-Yarmouk Sporting Club formed.
- 1927 – al-Hadith journal begins publication.[20]
- 1931 - National Museum of Aleppo founded.
- 1933 - Grand Serail d'Alep opens.
- 1936 - al-Nazir newspaper begins publication.[21]
- 1945
- National Library of Aleppo and Club d'Alep open.
- 1947 - Pogrom of Jews.
- 1948
- People's Party established.
- Al-Baladi Stadium opens.
- 1949
- Aleppo Public Park created.
- Al-Ittihad Sports Club and Jalaa FC formed.
- 1950
- Population: 362,500.
- al-Nass newspaper begins publication (approximate date).[17]
- 1952 – Hurriya Sporting Club formed.
- 1958 – University of Aleppo established.
- 1963 – Nasserist insurgency.
- 1964 – Population: 547,030 (estimate).[22]
- 1965 – Chemins de Fer Syriens headquartered in city.
- 1970
- Our Lady of Assumption church opens.
- Population: 639,428.[23]
- 1971 – Statue of Qustaki al-Himsi erected in Liberty Square.
- 1975 – Popular Traditions Museum opens in Beit Achiqbash.
- 1977 – International School of Aleppo established.
- 1979 – Aleppo Artillery School massacre took place by Muslim Brotherhood.
- 1980 – Siege of Aleppo.
- 1983 – International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas seed bank founded.
- 1985 – Population: 1,145,117 (estimate).[24]
- 1986 – Al-Hamadaniah Stadium opens.
- 1990 – Population: 1,216,000.
- 1994
- Aleppo Citadel Museum opens.
- Population: 1,542,000 (estimate).[25]
- 1997 – Lycée Français d'Alep established.
21st century
- 2002 – Private University of Science and Arts established.
- 2004 – Population: 2,132,100.
- 2006 – City designated an Islamic Capital of Culture.[26]
- 2007 – Aleppo International Stadium opens.
- 2008
- Sabah Fakhri Institute of music opened.[27]
- Population: 4,450,000 (estimate).[28]
- 2012
- 10 February: Bombings.[29]
- 18 March: Bombing.
- 4 May: Protest and crackdown.[29]
- 19 July: Battle of Aleppo begins.
- 9 September: Bombing near the 7 April Stadium.
- 3 October: Bombing in Saadallah Al-Jabiri Square.
- 2013
- 15 January: Aleppo University bombings.
- 19 March: Chemical weapon attack by militants.
- 2016
- 22 December: Battle of Aleppo ends.[30]
- 2020
- 16 February: Syrian Armed Forces recapture the entire city of Aleppo.[31][32]
- 2024
- 30 November: Syrian opposition forces capture most of the city in a surprise offensive.[33]
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
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