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Timeline of Amsterdam
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The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Prior to 17th century
- 2700~2750 BC - age of Neolithic shards of Bell Beaker culture pottery found under Rokin
- 2200~2000 BC - age of granite grinding stone found under Damrak
- 10th c. - Farmers settling at upstream Amstel
- 1105 - Wolfger van Amstel mentioned in a document as scultetus of "Amestelle" (Amstelland).
- 1170 - All Saint's Flood made settlement possible at the banks of downstream Amstel
- 1213 - Founding Oude Kerk in this settlement
- 1270 - Dam built in Amstel River (approximate date).
- 1275
- 1300 - Population: 1000.[3]
- 1303 - Siege of Amsterdam
- 1306 - Amsterdam granted city rights.[4] Oude Kerk consecrated.
- 1345 - 15 March: Alleged "Miracle of Amsterdam" occurs.
- 1347 - Heilige Stede chapel built.
- 1389 - The city was first called Aemsterdam in an authentic piece.[1]
- 1408 - Nieuwe Kerk (church) construction begins.[5]
- 1421 - Fire.
- 1425 - Singel canal dug.[6]
- 1452 - Fire.
- 1470 - Agnietenklooster built.
- 1487 - Schreierstoren built.
- 1490s - Brick city wall built.[7]
- 1516 - Montelbaanstoren built.
- 1518 - Egelantier formed (approximate date).
- 1535 - 10 May: Anabaptist riot occurs; "fanatics ran about the streets naked."[7][4]
- 1566 - Beeldenstorm.
- 1568 - Amsterdam supports Catholics in the Dutch Revolt.
- 1575 - Erven Lucas Bols in business.[8]
- 1578
- 1585 - City expands beyond the Singel.[5]
- 1586 - Admiralty of Amsterdam formed.
- 1596 - Rasphuis (prison) established.[10]
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17th century
- 1600 - Population: 50,000.[3]
- 1601 - Goldsmith's guild established.[11]
- 1602 - Amsterdam Stock Exchange and Dutch East India Company founded.[5]
- 1603 - Hendrick de Keyser becomes city architect.[12]
- 1606 - Oost-Indisch Huis built.
- 1607 - English Reformed Church established.
- 1609 - Bank of Amsterdam established.[13][14]
- 1611 - Koopmansbeurs built.
- 1613 - Grachtengordel development begins.[6]
- 1614 - Nieuwmarkt created.
- 1617
- First Dutch Academy formed.
- Korenbeurs built.
- Town gate remodeled as Weigh House.
- 1619 - Westerhal built.[15]
- 1620
- 1621 - Dutch West India Company founded.
- 1622 - Cromhouthuizen built.
- 1631 - Artist Rembrandt moves to Jodenbreestraat in Amsterdam.[12]
- 1632 - Athenaeum Illustre formed.
- 1633 - Oude Lutherse Kerk built.
- 1637 - Schouwburg of Van Campen (theatre) built.
- 1638
- Hortus Medicus founded.
- Accijnshuis built.
- 1641 - Saaihal (Amsterdam) built on Staalstraat (Amsterdam).
- 1642 - Rembrandt's artwork The Night Watch shown in the Kloveniersdoelen.[12]
- 1651 - St. Peter's Flood.
- 1652 - 7 July: City Hall burns down.
- 1655 - New City Hall built on Dam Square.
- 1662
- Trippenhuis and Weesperpoort (gate) built.
- Blaeu's Atlas Maior published.
- 1663 - Bubonic plague outbreak.
- 1665 - New theatre opens.
- 1666 - Population: 200,000.[17]
- 1672 - Johannes Hudde becomes mayor.
- 1675 - Portuguese Synagogue built.[18]
- 1679 - Wynand-Fockink in business.[8]
- 1682 - Begijnhof Chapel and Amstelhof built.
- 1683 - Society of Suriname established.
- 1691 - Skinny Bridge built.
- 1696 - Aansprekersoproer riots
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18th century
- 1748
- Pachtersoproer riots
- Demands from Doelistenmovement
- 1765 - Stadstekenacademie founded.[12]
- 1774 - Theatre opens on the Leidseplein.
- 1776 - Felix Meritis society[19][20] and Society for the Advancement of Agriculture[21] established.
- 1780 - Maagdenhuis built.
- 1785 - Seamen's Institute, and Society for Public Welfare organized.[19]
- 1787 - Prussians in power.[5]
- 1794
- 1795 - January: French in power.[22]
- 1800 - Barrack of St. Charles built.[23]
19th century
- 1808
- Amsterdam becomes capital of Kingdom of Holland, client state of the French Empire.
- City Hall becomes the Royal Palace.[5]
- Royal Institute of Sciences, Literature and Fine Arts founded.[21]
- 1813 - Oranje-Nassau Kazerne (military barrack) built.
- 1814
- Amsterdam becomes capital of the Netherlands.
- Rijks-Museum relocates to the Trippenhuis building.[9]
- Bank of the Netherlands headquartered in city.[13]
- 1815
- Doelen Hotel in business.
- Population: 180,179.[5]
- 1824 - Netherlands Trading Society headquartered in city.[13]
- 1825
- North Holland Canal constructed.[24]
- Amsterdamsche Stoomboot Maatschappij established
- 1838 - Zoo opens.[19]
- 1839
- Amsterdam–Haarlem railway begins operating.[4]
- Station d'Eenhonderd Roe opens.
- Arti et Amicitiae society organized.[19]
- 1840
- Coster Diamonds founded.
- Willemspoort (gate) built.
- 1841 - Mozes en Aäronkerk (church) rebuilt.
- 1843 - Station Amsterdam Weesperpoort opens.
- 1845 - Zocher Stock Exchange built.[9]
- 1852 - Bijbels Museum founded.
- 1853 - City "water supply" begins.[5]
- 1854 - Royal Asscher Diamond Company founded.
- 1855 - Arti et Amicitiae constructed.
- 1856
- Amsterdam–Arnhem railway constructed.
- De Eendracht war memorial erected.
- Koninklijke Nederlandse Stoomboot-Maatschappij (shipping company) established.
- 1862 - Bloemenmarkt founded.
- 1863 - Museum Fodor opens.
- 1864 - Crystal Palace built on the Frederiksplein (Amsterdam).[22]
- 1866 - Population: 264,498.[25]
- 1867
- Heineken brewery built.
- Amstel Hotel opens.
- 1869 - Netherlands Bank building constructed.[19]
- 1870
- Rijksakademie, De Bijenkorf shop, and Amstel Brewery founded.
- Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland (steamship line) in business.
- 1872 - Construction of the first social housing project, de Dubbeltjespanden
- 1874
- Amsterdam–Zutphen railway constructed.
- Amsterdamse Toneelschool established.
- 1875 - Amsterdamsche Vereeniging tot het bouwen van Arbeiderswoningen housing association formed.
- 1876
- North Sea Canal opens.[22]
- Population: 281,944.[9]
- 1877 - Municipal University of Amsterdam and Teekenschool voor Kunstambachten founded.
- 1878 - Den Helder–Amsterdam railway begins operating.
- 1880 - Vrije Universiteit established.[19]
- 1881
- Telephone in operation.[4]
- AVA-woonblok D,E,F,G housing built in Czaar Peterbuurt.
- Stille Omgang revived.
- 1882 - Spui square created.
- 1883
- May: International Colonial and Export Exhibition opens.[22]
- Parkschouwburg (Amsterdam) (theatre) built.
- Prins Hendrikplantsoen (park) laid out.
- 1884
- Amsterdamsch Conservatorium founded.
- Population: 361,326.[26]
- 1885 - Rijksmuseum opens.
- 1886 - July: Palingoproer eel riot occurs.[27][22]
- 1887
- Orange riots.[citation needed].
- Elsevier publisher in business.[28]
- Basilica of St. Nicholas built.
- 1888 - Concertgebouw built, and Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra founded.[29]
- 1889 - Amsterdam Centraal railway station opens.[19]
- 1890 - Victoria Hotel, Amsterdam in business.
- 1893 - Economic unrest.[22]
- 1894 - Stadsschouwburg rebuilt.[19]
- 1895
- Wereldtentoonstelling voor het Hotel- en Reiswezen (exhibit) held.[22]
- Museum Willet-Holthuysen[19] and Catholic Ignatius Gymnasium (school) established.
- 1896 - Hotel de l'Europe in business on the Nieuwe Doelenstraat (Amsterdam).
- 1900
- Gemeentetram Amsterdam tramway established.
- Amstelodamum historical society and AFC Ajax football club formed.
- Population: 523,557.[19]
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20th century
1900-1939
- 1903
- Railroad Strike.[22]
- Beurs van Berlage built.
- 1904 - August: International Socialist Congress held.
- 1906 - Amsterdam Wind Orchestra ATH formed.
- 1907 - Nöggerath cinema[30] and Het Houten Stadion (stadium) open.
- 1911 - Rembrandt House Museum opens.
- 1914 - Harry Elte Stadium and De Groote Club on Kalverstraat built.
- 1915
- De Bijenkorf (Amsterdam) department store built.
- Querido Verlag (publisher) in business.
- 1917
- 1917 Potato riots.[4]
- Amsterdam-Zuid development begins per Plan Zuid.
- 1919
- Public library opens.
- Het Schip apartment building erected.
- Disteldorp and Vogeldorp areas built in Amsterdam-Noord.[31]
- Population: 647,120.[32]
- 1920
- Construction of the Defence Line of Amsterdam completed.
- Muzieklyceum and Rialto cinema[30] established.
- 1921
- Buiksloot, Nieuwendam, Ransdorp, Sloten, and Watergraafsmeer annexed.
- Tuschinski cinema built.[30]
- 1923 - Tuindorp Oostzaan area built.[31]
- 1924.
- Institute of Applied Art formed.
- National Vocational School for Pastry Chefs opens.
- 1925 - Tooneelmuseum (stage museum) founded.[33]
- 1926
- Amsterdam Museum established.
- Royal Tropical Institute building constructed[34]
- HEMA (store) in business on Kalverstraat.
- 1927 - American Women's Club Amsterdam founded.[35]
- 1928 - Summer Olympics held.
- 1929 - Palace of National Industry burns down.[15]
- 1932 - Joods Historisch Museum opens.
- 1933 - Alhambra Theater opens.[30]
- 1934
- July: Jordaanoproer.[4][27]
- Allard Pierson Museum opens.
- 1935
- International Institute for Social History established.[36]
- City Theater (Amsterdam) cinema opens.
- 1936 - Cineac Theatre built.[37]
- 1939
- Amsterdam Amstel railway station opens.
- Apollo House (Amsterdam) built.
World War II
- 1940
- 11 May: Bombing of Amsterdam by the Luftwaffe
- German occupation begins
- Het Parool newspaper begins publication.[38]
- 1941
- February strike.[4]
- Central Office for Jewish Emigration in the Netherlands begins operating.
- 1943
- 1944 - 4 August: Frank family arrested.
- 1945
People celebrating the liberation of the Netherlands at the end of World War II on 8 May 1945. - 18 January: Executions on the Fusilladeplaats Rozenoord begin.
- 5 May: German occupation ends.
- 7 May: Shooting on Dam square, Amsterdam.
- 8 May: Canadian troops enter city
- 9 May: Mass celebrations in Dam Square
- Filmtheater Kriterion opens.[30]
- De Volkskrant newspaper in publication.
- 1946 - Dutch Historic Film Archive founded.
- 1947
- The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank is published.
- Holland Festival begins.
1950s-1990s
- 1952
- May: Amsterdam–Rhine Canal opens.[4]
- DOK (discothèque) active.
- Filmmuseum founded.
- 1956 - National Monument erected in Dam Square.
- 1957 - Horecava hospitality trade fair begins.
- 1958 - Netherlands Film and Television Academy founded.
- 1959 - Population: 872,000.[39]
- 1960
- Anne Frank House museum established on the Prinsengracht.
- Academie voor Kleinkunst (school) founded.
- Uitzendbureau Amstelveen (now Randstad NV) was founded.
- 1961 - Amsterdam RAI Exhibition and Convention Centre opens.
- 1962 - Hilton Hotel in business.
- 1965 - Counterculture Provo (movement) begins.[40]
- 1966
- 13–14 June: Telegraafrellen (labor unrest) occurs.[4]
- Weesperkarspel annexed.
- 1967 - Catholic Theological University of Amsterdam established.[41]
- 1968
Protest against the Vietnam War in Amsterdam, April 1968 - Art & Project gallery opens.
- Theaterschool founded.[42]
- 1969
- March: Bed-In for Peace held.[43]
- May: Student protest occurs at the University of Amsterdam Maagdenhuis.[4]
- STEIM cultural venue established.
- 1970 - Population: 807,095.
- 1971 - Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA railway station opens.
- 1972 - In-Out Centre opens.[44]
- 1973 - Van Gogh Museum opens.[45]
- 1975
- Flag of Amsterdam design adopted.
- Rainbow Foundation,[46] De Appel art centre, and Other Books and So founded.[44][47]
- Amsterdam Marathon and SAIL Amsterdam begin.
- 1976 - Sweelinck Conservatorium formed.
- 1977
- 9 May: Hotel Polen fire.
- Amsterdam Metro begins operating.
- Uitmarkt begins[48]
- 1978 - MonteVideo founded.
- 1979
- Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra founded.[49]
- Huis van Bewaring I (Weteringschans) (prison) closed.
- 1981 - 21 November: Protest against stationing of NATO missiles.[4]
- 1984
- Social unrest.[6]
- Amsterdam Fantastic Film Festival begins.
- 1985 - Annual contemporary art fair begins.
- 1986
- Amsterdam–Schiphol railway begins operating.
- Stopera opera hall opens.
- 1987 - Amsterdamse Poort (shopping centre) opens.
- 1988
- International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam begins.
- Stopera city hall opens.
- 1990 - Population: 695,221.
- 1991
- Museum Geelvinck-Hinlopen established.
- Museum Jan van der Togt opens.
- 1992
- 4 October: Airplane crash in Bijlmermeer.[4]
- Miniature Museum founded.
- 1993 - La Rive and Boom Chicago founded.
- 1994
- Conservatorium van Amsterdam and Prostitution Information Center founded.
- SMART Project Space opens.
- 1996
- Amsterdam Gay Pride begins.
- Amsterdam Arena built.
- 1997
- 2 October: EU treaty signed in city.[4]
- Henk Sneevlietweg metro station opens.
- IJburg residential archipelago construction begins.[50]
- 1999 - OT301 squat begins.
- 2000
- Prostitution in the Netherlands legalized.
- Euronext founded.
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21st century
- 2001
- 1 April: First legalized same-sex marriage in the Netherlands occurs.[51]
- Foam Fotografiemuseum Amsterdam and Heineken Music Hall open.
- Job Cohen becomes mayor.[52]
- 290 Square Meters opens its first shop
- 2004 - 2 November: Filmmaker Van Gogh killed on Linnaeusstraat.
- 2006 - Amsterdam Film eXperience begins.
- 2007
- KLIK! Amsterdam Animation Festival begins.
- Diamond Museum Amsterdam opens.
- Centrale Bibliotheek moves into new building.
- Amsterdam City Archives relocates to De Bazel building.
- De Schreeuw memorial erected in the Oosterpark.[43]
- 2008 - Amsterdam Holendrecht railway station opens.
- 2009 - H'ART Museum opens.
- 2010 - Eberhard van der Laan becomes mayor.[52]
- 2011 - February: Retrial of Geert Wilders begins in the Rechtbank Amsterdam (court).[51]
- 2012
- 21 April: Sloterdijk train collision.
- EYE Film Institute Netherlands opens.
- 2013 - Population: 800.000 in January 2013.[53]
- 2014
- 17 July: Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 departs from Amsterdam, later crashes in Ukraine.[51]
- 2014 Amsterdam drug deaths occur.
- 2015
- February: University of Amsterdam Bungehuis and Maagdenhuis occupations (student protest) occur.
- Regeneration of Frederik Hendrikplantsoen
- 2018
- Femke Halsema becomes mayor.[54]
- 2018 Amsterdam stabbing attack
- 2019
- December: The start of Stichting Nederlied for special dutch language theatre
- 2022
- 2024
- 2025
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Images
Portrait of the syndics of the Amsterdam Goldsmiths Guild, established in 1601 (painting from 1627)
Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons anatomy lesson on 31 January 1632
Stadhuis on fire, 7 July 1652
Aviary, Blauw Jan Inn, Amsterdam, ca.1700[56]
Train begins operating, 1839
Centraal Station, Amsterdam, ca.1890s
Labor unrest, 1966
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See also
- History of Amsterdam
- List of mayors of Amsterdam
- List of rijksmonuments in Amsterdam
- Walls of Amsterdam
- Expansion of Amsterdam since the 19th century
- List of streets in Amsterdam
- Timelines of other municipalities in the Netherlands: Breda, Delft, Eindhoven, Groningen, Haarlem, The Hague, 's-Hertogenbosch, Leiden, Maastricht, Nijmegen, Rotterdam, Utrecht
- History of urban centers in the Low Countries
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References
Bibliography
External links
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