Timeline of Frankfurt

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 19th century

• pre 475 CE – Roman town Nida was the capital of Civitas Taunensium and one of important fortresses near the Limes Germanicus
• 843 CE – City becomes capital of East Francia.
• 1180 – Staufenmauer built.
• 1241 – Judenschlacht – First of two pogroms of Jews in the city.
• 1333 – City expands.
• 1349 – Judenschlacht.
• 1360 – Schützenverein Frankfurt-Höchst (militia) formed.^[1]
• 1370 – Public clock installed (approximate date).^[2]
• 1372
  • Free City of Frankfurt becomes part of Holy Roman Empire.
  • City buys forest from Charles IV.
• 1405 – Römer converted into city hall.
• 1428 – Eschenheimer Turm built.
• 1462 – Frankfurter Judengasse established.
• 1493 – Passion play begins.^[3]
• 1531 – Printing press in operation.^[4]
• 1581 – Rumpolt's cookbook published.^[5]
• 1585 – Bourse established.
• 1648 – Peace of Westphalia confirms Frankfurt as an Imperial Free City.
• 1681 – St. Catherine's Church built.
• 1719 – Fire.
• 1739 – Palais Thurn und Taxis built.
• 1742 – The Palais Barckhaus at Zeil in Frankfurt serves as residence of Emperor Charles VII until 1744
• 1748 – Gebrüder Bethmann formed.
• 1750 – Mainzer Landstraße built.
• 1759 – January: City occupied by French.^[6]
• 1774 – Botanical garden laid out.
• 1790 – 9 October: Coronation of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1792 – City occupied by French.

19th century

• 1806
  • City occupied by French.
  • City becomes Principality of Frankfurt, under Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg.
• 1808 – Frankfurter Opern- und Museumsorchester (orchestra) established.^[7]
• 1810 – City becomes part of Grand Duchy of Frankfurt.
• 1812 – City refortified.
• 1815 – Städel founded.
• 1816 – Free City of Frankfurt becomes part of German Confederation.
• 1817 – Population: 41,458 ^[8]
• 1829 – Frankfurter Kunstverein founded.
• 1833
  • Frankfurter Wachensturm.^[9]
  • Paulskirche built.
• 1839 – Taunus Railway begins operating.
• 1840 – Population: 55,269 ^[8]
• 1843 – Alte Börse (Frankfurt am Main) [de] (stock exchange) built.
• 1846 – International Penitentiary Congress held in Frankfurt.^[10]
• 1848
  • September: "Uprising."^[9]
  • Frankfurt Assembly formed.
• 1849 – Constitution of the German Empire proclaimed by Frankfurt Parliament.
• 1856 – Frankfurter Zeitung begins publication.
• 1858 – Frankfurt Zoological Garden founded.^[11]
• 1859 – Frankfurt City Link Line begins operating.
• 1861 – Population: 71,462.^[12]
• 1863 – Federation of German Workers Associations [de] founded in Frankfurt.^[13]
• 1864 – Population: 77,372 ^[8]
• 1866 – City becomes part of Hesse-Nassau, Prussia.^[9]
• 1867 – Frankfurt Cathedral rebuilt.
• 1868 – Eiserner Steg (bridge) built.^[14]
• 1871
  • Treaty of Frankfurt signed.^[9]
  • Palmengarten opens.
• 1872 – Trams begin operating.^[15]
• 1875 – Population: 103,136. ^[8]
• 1878 – Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium – Musikakademie founded.
• 1879 – Kleinmarkthalle Frankfurt [de] (market) opens.^[16]
• 1880 – Alte Oper inaugurated.
• 1881 – Metallgesellschaft founded.
• 1886 – Frankfurter Friedensverein (peace group) organized.^[17]
• 1890 – Population: 179,985 ^[8]
• 1895
  • Bockenheim becomes part of city.
  • Stempel Type Foundry established.
  • Population: 229,279.
• 1897 – Frankfurt Motor Show begins.

20th century

1900s–1940s

Frankfurt at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries

• 1904 – Museum der Weltkulturen founded.
• 1905 – Population: 334,978. ^[8]
• 1907 - May: City hosts the 1907 World Weightlifting Championships and 1907 World Wrestling Championships.
• 1909
  • Städtische Galerie Liebieghaus established.
  • Festhalle built.
• 1914 – University of Frankfurt established.
• 1919 – Population: 433,002.^[18]
• 1923 – Institute for Social Research founded.
• 1925 – Husarendenkmal (Frankfurt am Main) [de] (monument) installed.
• 1926 – Alte Brücke (Frankfurt) (bridge) rebuilt.
• 1928
  • Höchst becomes part of city.^[19]
  • Großmarkthalle built.
  • Polish Consulate relocated from Cologne to Frankfurt.^[20]
  • Population: 551,200.
• 1929
  • Frankfurt Radio Symphony formed.^[21]
  • Holy Cross Church built.
• 1930 – IG Farben Building constructed.
• 1931 – Frankfurter Volksbank Stadion opens.
• 1934 – Adlerwerke vorm. Heinrich Kleyer established.
• 1936
  • Frankfurt Airport opens.
  • Grüneburgpark opens.
• 1937 – Nazi camp for Sinti and Romani people established (see also Porajmos).^[22]
• 1938 – Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts founded.
• 1942
  • Nazi camp for Sinti and Romani people dissolved.^[22]
  • February: Forced labour camp established in the Heddernheim district.^[23]
• 1944 – Bombing begins.

American troops in Frankfurt in 1945

• 1945
  • 18 March: Forced labour camp in Heddernheim dissolved. Prisoners deported to the Buchenwald concentration camp.^[23]
  • 26–29 March: Battle of Frankfurt
  • July: American zone of Allied-occupied Germany headquartered in Frankfurt.
  • Frankfurter Rundschau begins publication.
• 1946 – Eschwege displaced persons camp set up.
• 1948
  • Hessischer Rundfunk begins broadcasting.
  • Bank deutscher Länder headquartered in Frankfurt.^[24]
• 1949
  • Frankfurt Book Fair resumes.
  • Deutsches Institut für Filmkunde founded.
  • Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.

1950s–1990s

• 1951 – Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt built.
• 1953 – Population: 600,579.
• 1954 – Goethe House opens.
• 1955 – Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport opens.
• 1957 – Deutsche Bundesbank headquartered in Frankfurt.^[24]
• 1958
  • Noor Mosque built.^[25]
  • Museum für Kommunikation Frankfurt and Cinema Kino^[26] open.
• 1959 – Justizvollzugsanstalt Frankfurt am Main IV [de] (prison) begins operating.
• 1960
  • Sigmund-Freud-Institut [de] founded.
  • City twinned with Lyon, France.^[27]
• 1963 – Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials begin.
• 1966 – City twinned with Birmingham, United Kingdom.^[27]
• 1967 – City twinned with Deuil-La Barre, France.^[27]
• 1968 – Frankfurt U-Bahn begins operating.
• 1970
  • Peace Research Institute Frankfurt^[28] and Frankfurter Autoren Theater [de] founded.
  • City twinned with Milan, Italy.^[27]
• 1974 – City-Haus built.
• 1978
  • Rhine-Main S-Bahn begins operating.
  • Historic Railway museum founded.
• 1979
  • Europaturm built.
  • Titanic magazine begins publication.
  • City twinned with Cairo, Egypt.^[27]
• 1980 – City twinned with Tel Aviv, Israel.^[27]
• 1981
  • Frankfurt Marathon begins.
  • Museum für Moderne Kunst founded.
• 1984 – German Architecture Museum opens.^[29]
• 1987 – Neues Theater Höchst [de] founded.
• 1988 – City twinned with Guangzhou, China.^[27]
• 1989
  • City hosts Bundesgartenschau (garden show).^[30]
  • City twinned with Toronto, Canada.^[27]
• 1990
  • May: City hosts the 1990 European Judo Championships.
  • City twinned with Budapest, Hungary, and Prague, Czech Republic.^[27]
• 1991
  • Andreas von Schoeler becomes mayor.
  • City twinned with Granada, Nicaragua, Kraków, Poland, and Leipzig.^[27][31]
• 1992 – Institut für Stadtgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main) [de] (Institute for City History) established.
• 1993
  • Westendstrasse 1 built.
  • Deutsche Börse headquartered in Frankfurt.
• 1994 – European Monetary Institute headquartered in Frankfurt.^[24]
• 1995
  • Deutscher Commercial Internet Exchange founded.
  • Petra Roth becomes mayor.
• 1996 – City website online (approximate date).^[32]
• 1998 – European Central Bank headquartered in Frankfurt.
• 1999 – Main Tower built.
• 2000
  • Museum Giersch opens.
  • Population: 646,550.

21st century

• 2001 – Cinestar [de] Metropolis (movie theatre) in business.^[26]
• 2002 – Köln–Frankfurt high-speed rail line begins operating.
• 2003
  • Bikeshare program launched.^[33]
  • Adorno-Denkmal [de] (monument) installed.
• 2005 - Wikimania conference held in city.
• 2007
  • Holy Cross - Centre for Christian Meditation and Spirituality of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Limburg in the Holy Cross Church in Bornheim founded.
  • City twinned with Dubai, United Arab Emirates.^[31]
• 2009 – Zeil renovated.
• 2011
  • June–July: City co-hosts the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup.
  • City twinned with Yokohama, Japan.^[31]
• 2012 - Peter Feldmann becomes mayor.^[34]
• 2013 – City twinned with Eskişehir, Turkey.^[31]
• 2014 – Population: 714,241.
• 2015
  • Economic unrest.^[35]
  • City twinned with Philadelphia, United States.^[31]

See also

• History of Frankfurt am Main
• List of mayors of Frankfurt

Other cities in the state of Hesse:^(de)

• Timeline of Kassel