Timeline of Munich

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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Munich, Germany.

Prior to 17th century

• 1158 - Duke Henry the Lion builds bridge, mint, and salt-depot.^[1][2]
• 1175 - Munich gains official status as city.
• 1239 - Coat of arms of Munich in use.
• 1240 - Otto II Wittelsbach in power.
• 1255 - City becomes ducal residence of Upper Bavaria.
• 1327
  • Fire [de].^[3]
  • City then rebuilt by Louis the Bavarian
• 1368
  • Cathedral construction begins.^[3]
  • St. Peter's Church reconstructed.^[4]
• 1383 - Löwenbräu founded.^[5]
• 1385 - Munich Residenz built.
• 1394 - Town Hall built.
• 1397 - Guild uprising.
• 1429 - Fire.
• 1482 - Johann Schauer sets up printing press.^[6]
• 1494 - Frauenkirche consecrated. ^[2]
• 1506 - City becomes capital of Bavaria.
• 1576 - Jesuit school built (approximate date).^[7]

17th-18th centuries

• 1609 - Catholic League founded.
• 1617 - Hofgarten laid out.

  

  In 1632 the Swedes occupied Munich.

• 1623 - Schleissheim Palace constructed.
• 1628 - Treaty of Munich signed.
• 1632 - City occupied by Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.^[3]
• 1634 - Bubonic plague.
• 1638 - Mary's Column erected, Marienplatz.
• 1653 - State opera active.
• 1675 - Nymphenburg Palace built. ^[2]
• 1680 - Population: 20,000 ^[2]
• 1688 - Premiere of Steffani's opera Niobe.
• 1690 - Theatine Church built.
• 1705 - Sendlinger Mordweihnacht.
• 1739 - Amalienburg built.
• 1742 - Habsburgs in power.^[2]
• 1753 - Cuvilliés Theatre built.
• 1759 - Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities founded. ^[2]
• 1762
  • 28 April: Fire.^[8]
  • Hoforchester active.
• 1781 - Premiere of Mozart's opera Idomeneo.^[9]
• 1783 - Population: 38,000.^[2]
• 1789 - Englischer Garten laid out by Count Rumford.^[4]
• 1797 - Charitable soup kitchen begins operating.^[10]
• 1800 - 2 July: City taken by French forces.^[3]

19th century

Further information (in German): Timeline of Munich/1801–1900 ^[de]

• 1801 - Population - 48,885. ^[2]
• 1806 - City becomes capital of Kingdom of Bavaria.
• 1807
  • Viktualienmarkt active.
  • Hofgartenkaserne built.
  • Augustiner-Keller beer garden in business.
• 1808 - Royal Academy of Fine Arts established.
• 1809 - Alte Münze in use.
• 1810 - Wiesnwirt [de] (Oktoberfest) begins.^[10]
• 1818
  • National Theatre built.
  • Lese-Konditorei (reading cafe) in business.^[10]
• 1825 - Accession of Ludwig I of Bavaria leads to "handsome streets and buildings". ^[2]

Oktoberfest in 1823

• 1826
  • Ludwig Maximilian University relocates to Munich.^[3]
  • Türkenkaserne built.
• 1830

  

  Munich in 1829

  • Ludwigstraße laid out (approximate date).
  • Glyptothek built.^[11]
• 1835 - St. Boniface's Abbey founded by Ludwig I of Bavaria.^[4]
• 1836 - Alte Pinakothek established.^[12]
• 1837 - Allerheiligen-Hofkirche built.
• 1839 - Train station opens.
• 1843
  • State Library building constructed.
  • Paläontologisches Museum established.^[13]
• 1844
  • Ludwigskirche consecrated.
  • Feldherrnhalle constructed.
• 1848 - München Hauptbahnhof relocated.
• 1853
  • Maximilianstraße laid out.
  • Neue Pinakothek established.^[14]
• 1854 - Glaspalast built; city hosts General German Industrial Exhibition.^[2]
• 1855 - Bavarian National Museum founded.
• 1861 - Population: 148,201.^[15]
• 1862 - Propylaea constructed.
• 1865 - Premiere of Wagner's opera Tristan und Isolde.^[9]
• 1867 - Royal Bavarian Music School established.
• 1868
  • State Museum of Ethnology founded.
  • Technical University of Munich opened.
• 1869 - Museum für Abgüsse Klassischer Bildwerke created.
• 1871
  • Haidhausen station and München Süd station open.
  • Population: 169,693.^[16]
• 1875 - Munich Opera Festival begins.
• 1876 - Trams in Munich runs by horsecar.
• 1878 - Munich Pasing station relocated.
• 1879
  • Bavarian Army Museum founded.
  • Over 28 million gallons of beer were brewed in Munich. ^[2]
• 1880
  • Bürgerliches Brauhaus formed.
  • Population: 230,023.^{[16] [2]}
• 1882 - Allgemeine Zeitung moved to Munich.
• 1885
  • Bürgerbräukeller (beer hall) in business.
  • Population: 261,982.^[16]
• 1887
  • Hofatelier Elvira founded.
  • Café Luitpold [de] opens.^[17]
• 1888 - Munich Stadtmuseum established.
• 1889 - Eisenbahnkaserne built.

Munich in the 1890s

• 1890 - Population: 350,594.^[16]
• 1892
  • Rotkreuzklinikum München [de] (hospital) opens.
  • Academic Alpine Club of Munich [de] formed.^[18]
• 1893
  • Munich City Archives [de] active.
  • Kaim Orchestra formed.
• 1894 -Production of Hildebrand & Wolfmüller motorcycle begins.^[19]
• 1895
  • Trams in Munich electrified.
  • Population: 407,174.^[16]
• 1896 - Simplicissimus magazine begins publication.
• 1898 - City hosts Kraft- und Arbeitsmaschinen-Ausstellung.
• 1900
  • FC Bayern Munich founded.
  • Künstlerhaus am Lenbachplatz [de] opens.

20th century

Further information (in German): Timeline of Munich/1901–2000 ^[de]

1900–1945

Sterneckerbräu, where Hitler attended his first German Workers' Party meeting on 12 September 1919 (photo 1925)^[20]

• 1901
  • Franz Eher publisher in business.
  • Prinzregententheater opens.
• 1902 - Anthropologisch-Prähistorisches Sammlung des Staates formed.
• 1903 - Deutsches Museum von Meisterwerken der Naturwissenschaft und Technik founded.
• 1904 - Heinrich Thannhauser's art gallery opens.
• 1905 - Population: 538,983.^[4]
• 1906 - City co-hosts the 1906 World Figure Skating Championships.
• 1908 - New Town Hall built; Rathaus-Glockenspiel installed.
• 1909
  • Neue Künstlervereinigung München founded.^[21]
  • Modern Gallery of contemporary art and Schackgalerie^[22] open.
• 1910 – 12 September: Premiere of Mahler's Symphony No. 8.
• 1911
  • Hellabrunn Zoo opens.
  • Der Blaue Reiter art exhibit held.^[21]
• 1917 - Bayerische Motoren Werke formed.
• 1919
  • German Workers' Party founded in Munich.
  • 16 October: Hitler gives his first political speech at the Hofbräukeller.
  • City becomes capital of Bavarian Soviet Republic.
  • Population: 630,711.^[23]
• 1920
  • July: Consulate of Poland opens.^[24]
  • Nazi paramilitary Sturmabteilung headquartered in Munich.
  • Nazi Völkischer Beobachter newspaper headquartered in Munich.
• 1923 - 8–9 November: Nazis attempt coup ("Beer Hall Putsch").^[25]
• 1925
  • Deutsche Verkehrsausstellung 1925 [de] (transportation exposition) held in city.
  • München Hauptbahnhof electrified.
• 1927 - Richard Strauss Conservatory founded.
• 1929 - Lenbachhaus museum opens.
• 1930
  • 13 September: Hitler gives campaign speech at the Circus Krone Building, prior to German federal election, 1930 on 14 September.
  • Population: 728,900.
• 1931 - National Socialist Party headquartered in Brown House.
• 1932
  • Nazi Sicherheitsdienst (intelligence agency) headquartered in Munich.
  • Zoologische Staatssammlung München formed.
• 1933
  • Nazi headquarters relocated from Munich to Berlin.
  • March: Dachau concentration camp begins operating near city.^[19]
• 1934 - Hunting museum established.
• 1935 - Münchner Haus der Kulturinstitute built.

Adolf Hitler visits the House of German Art in 1937.

• 1937
  • Führerbau constructed.
  • 18 July: House of German Art opens.
  • 19 July: "Degenerate art" exhibit held in Hofgarten.^[21]
• 1938
  • September: Munich Agreement signed.^[26]
  • November: Kristallnacht.
• 1939
  • Munich-Riem Airport opens.
  • Population: 829,318.
• 1940
  • June: Bombing of Munich begins.
• 1942
  • 27 June: White Rose group active.^[27]
  • 17 December: Forced labour camp for men established in the Moosach district.^[28]
• 1943
  • February: Munich-Allach subcamp of the Dachau concentration camp established by the SS.
  • Polenlager Ost and Polenlager Süd forced labour subcamps of the local Nazi prison for youth established for young Poles (see also Nazi crimes against the Polish nation).^[29][30]
• 1944
  • 5 August: Forced labour camp for women established in the Berg am Laim district.^[31]
  • Agfa-Commando subcamp of the Dachau concentration camp established.
  • 2 December: Forced labour camp for women in Berg am Laim dissolved.^[31]

War destruction in 1945

• 1945
  • 13 March: Forced labour camp for men in Moosach dissolved.^[28]
  • City captured by Americans. Remaining prisoners of the Munich-Allach and Agfa-Commando subcamps liberated.
  • AFN Munich begins broadcasting.
  • Munich Central Collecting Point set up.
  • Denazification.
  • Christian Social Union in Bavaria headquartered in Munich.

1946-1990s

• 1948 - Bayerische Akademie der Schönen Künste established.
• 1949 - Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra founded.
• 1951 - Residenz Theatre built.^[32]
• 1952 - Deutsches Brauereimuseum founded.
• 1954 - Population: 908,572.
• 1955
  • Italian Cultural Institute in Munich founded.^[33]
  • Fast-food Wienerwald (restaurant) in business.^[10]
• 1958
  • 6 February: Munich air disaster.^[34]
  • Population: 1,011,878.
• 1959 - Munich Book Fair [de] begins.
• 1960
  • Munich Central Station rebuilt.
  • Convair 340 crash.
• 1961 - Population: 1,106,298.
• 1963 - National Theatre rebuilt.
• 1965 - Population: 1,214,603.
• 1966
  • Staatliche Sammlung für Ägyptische Kunst founded.
  • Deutsches Jagdmuseum reopens.
• 1967 - Staatliche Antikensammlungen opens.
• 1969 - City hosts the 1969 World Table Tennis Championships.
• 1970
  • Munich bus attack
  • Population: 1,311,978.
• 1971 - U-Bahn begins operating.
• 1972
  • S-Bahn begins operating.
  • Olympic Stadium opens; city hosts Summer Olympics; Munich massacre.
  • BMW Headquarters is established.
• 1973 - Islamic Center of Munich [de] built.^[35]
• 1974 - City hosts the 1974 World Figure Skating Championships.
• 1975 - City co-hosts the 1975 Ice Hockey World Championships.

Munich Old Town in 1976

• 1978 - Population: 1,296,970.
• 1980 - Museum Witt established; Oktoberfest bombing.
• 1983
  • April–May: City co-hosts the 1983 Ice Hockey World Championships.
  • City hosts Bundesgartenschau (garden show).^[36]
• 1985 - Gasteig culture center opens.
• 1988 - Munich Biennale opera festival begins.
• 1989 - Sister city relationship established with Cincinnati, USA.^[37]
• 1990 - Museum of Man and Nature opens.
• 1992
  • City hosts 18th G7 summit.
  • Museum Villa Stuck opens.
  • Munich Airport opens.
• 1993
  • Bayerische Staatskanzlei built.
  • Bayerische Theaterakademie August Everding founded.
• 1995 - Eureka Prometheus Project's VaMP driverless car goes to Copenhagen and back.
• 1996 - City website online (approximate date).^[38]
• 1999
  • Czech Centre in Munich founded.^[39]
  • BMW Headquarters declared as protected historical building
• 2000 - Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie [de] formed.^[13]

21st century

• 2001 - City hosts the 2001 World Judo Championships.
• 2002 - Pinakothek der Moderne opens.
• 2003 - Goetz Collection opens.
• 2005 - Allianz Arena opens.
• 2006 - Ohel Jakob synagogue built.
• 2007
  • Jewish Museum opens.
  • Population: 1,311,573.
• 2009 - Museum Brandhorst opens.
• 2010 - Türkentor restored.
• 2012 - March: 2012 Munich artworks discovery.
• 2013 - Population: 1,407,836.
• 2014 - Dieter Reiter becomes mayor.
• 2015
  • Migrants arrive.^[40]
  • NS-Dokumentationszentrum built.
• 2016 - Munich shooting occurs.
• 2024 - 2024 Munich shooting
• 2025 - 2025 Munich car attack

See also

• History of Munich
• List of mayors of Munich
• Timeline of German history
• Timelines of other cities in the state of Bavaria: Augsburg, Nuremberg, Würzburg