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Timeline of black hole physics

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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The following timeline outlines notable discoveries in the study of black holes in physics, beginning in the 18th century and continuing to modern observations.[1][2]

Pre-20th century

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20th century

Before 1960s

1960s

After 1960s

  • 1972 — Identification of Cygnus X-1/HDE 226868 from dynamic observations as the first binary with a stellar black hole candidate[32]
  • 1972 Stephen Hawking proves that the area of a classical black hole's event horizon cannot decrease[33][34]
  • 1972 James Bardeen, Brandon Carter, and Stephen Hawking propose four laws of black hole mechanics in analogy with the laws of thermodynamics
  • 1972 Jacob Bekenstein suggests that black holes have an entropy proportional to their surface area due to information loss effects
  • 1974 — Stephen Hawking applies quantum field theory to black hole spacetimes and shows that black holes will radiate particles with a black-body spectrum which can cause black hole evaporation[35][36]
  • 1975 James Bardeen and Jacobus Petterson show that the swirl of spacetime around a spinning black hole can act as a gyroscope stabilizing the orientation of the accretion disc and jets[11]
  • 1989 — Identification of microquasar V404 Cygni as a binary black hole candidate system
  • 1989 - Eric Poisson and Werner Israel theorize the concept of mass-inflation, a phenomena in which the curvature and gravitational mass parameter inside a spinning or charged black hole grow to infinity as one approaches the inner horizon, causing an infalling observer to experience a singularity at the inner horizon of the black hole.[37]
  • 1994 Charles Townes and colleagues observe ionized neon gas swirling around the center of our Galaxy at such high velocities that a possible black hole mass at the very center must be approximately equal to that of 3 million suns[38]
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21st century

References

See also

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