Timeline of longest spaceflights

Many of the first human spaceflights set records measured in hours and days, the space station missions of the 1970s and 1980s pushed this to weeks and months, and by the 1990s the record was pushed to over a year and has remained there into the 21st century.

Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov looks out space station Mir's window during his 438-day flight in 1994–1995

A modern long-duration mission was the ISS year-long mission (2015–2016) aboard the International Space Station. The most significant issue in such missions is the effect of spaceflight on the human body, due to such factors as zero-g and elevated radiation.

Record setting single-mission human stays

Dura­tion (days)	Cosmonaut / Astronauts	Mission	Mission start	Flight up	Space station	Flight down	Record achieved	Mission end	Record held (days)	Source / Notes
437.75	Valeri Polyakov	Mir EO-15	January 8, 1994	Soyuz TM-18	Mir	Soyuz TM-20	January 9, 1995	March 22, 1995	11,164	Current record[1]
365.94	Vladimir Titov Musa Manarov	Mir EO-3	December 21, 1987	Soyuz TM-4	Mir	Soyuz TM-6	November 11, 1988	December 21, 1988	2,250	[2]
326.48	Yuri Romanenko	Mir EO-2	February 5, 1987	Soyuz TM-2	Mir	Soyuz TM-3	September 30, 1987	December 29, 1987	408	[3]
236.95	Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov Oleg Atkov	Salyut 7 EO-3	February 8, 1984	Soyuz T-10	Salyut 7	Soyuz T-11	September 6, 1984	October 2, 1984	1,119	[4]
211.38	Anatoly Berezovoy Valentin Lebedev	Salyut 7 EO-1	May 13, 1982	Soyuz T-5	Salyut 7	Soyuz T-7	November 14, 1982	December 10, 1982	662	[5]
184.84	Leonid Popov Valery Ryumin	Salyut 6 EO-4	April 9, 1980	Soyuz 35	Salyut 6	Soyuz 37	October 1, 1980	October 11, 1980	774	[6]
175.02	Vladimir Lyakhov Valery Ryumin	Salyut 6 EO-3	February 25, 1979	Soyuz 32	Salyut 6	Soyuz 34	July 15, 1979	September 3, 1979	444	[6]
139.62	Vladimir Kovalyonok Aleksandr Ivanchenkov	Salyut 6 EO-2	June 15, 1978	Soyuz 29	Salyut 6	Soyuz 31	September 20, 1978	November 2, 1978	298	[6]
96.42	Yuri Romanenko Georgi Grechko	Salyut 6 EO-1	December 10, 1977	Soyuz 26	Salyut 6	Soyuz 27	March 4, 1978	March 16, 1978	200	[7][8]
84.05	Gerald P. Carr Edward G. Gibson William R. Pogue	Skylab 4	November 16, 1973	CSM-118	Skylab	CSM-118	January 15, 1974	February 8, 1974	1,509	[9]
59.46	Alan L. Bean Owen K. Garriott Jack R. Lousma	Skylab 3	July 28, 1973	CSM-117	Skylab	CSM-117	August 25, 1973	September 25, 1973	143	[10]
28.03	Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr. Joseph P. Kerwin Paul J. Weitz	Skylab 2	May 25, 1973	CSM-116	Skylab	CSM-116	June 17, 1973	June 22, 1973	69	[11][12]
23.32	Georgy Dobrovolsky Vladislav Volkov Viktor Patsayev	Soyuz 11	June 6, 1971	Soyuz 11	Salyut 1	Soyuz 11	June 23, 1971	June 29, 1971	725	All died returning to Earth.[11][13][14]
17.71	Andriyan Nikolayev Vitaly Sevastyanov	Soyuz 9	June 1, 1970	N/A	N/A	N/A	June 15, 1970	June 19, 1970	373	Still record for flight by a solo spacecraft.[15][16]
13.77	Frank Borman Jim Lovell	Gemini 7	December 4, 1965	N/A	N/A	N/A	December 12, 1965	December 18, 1965	1,646	[15][17]
7.96	L. Gordon Cooper, Jr. Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr.	Gemini 5	August 21, 1965	N/A	N/A	N/A	August 26, 1965	August 29, 1965	108	[15][18][19]
4.96	Valery Bykovsky	Vostok 5	June 14, 1963	N/A	N/A	N/A	June 18, 1963	June 19, 1963	800	[20][21]
3.93	Andriyan Nikolayev	Vostok 3	August 11, 1962	N/A	N/A	N/A	August 12, 1962	August 15, 1962	310	[22][23]
1.05	Gherman Titov	Vostok 2	August 6, 1961	N/A	N/A	N/A	August 6, 1961	August 7, 1961	371	[22][24]
0.075	Yuri Gagarin	Vostok 1	April 12, 1961	N/A	N/A	N/A	April 12, 1961	April 12, 1961	116	1st human spaceflight[22][25]