Tin(IV) sulfide

Tin(IV) sulfide is a compound with the formula SnS₂. A brown, water-insoluble solid, it is a semiconductor with band gap 2.2 eV.^[5] It occurs naturally as the rare mineral berndtite.^[6]

Tin(IV) sulfide

Sn4+(S2−)2
Names
IUPAC name Tin(IV) sulfide
Other names Tin disulfide, Stannic sulfide, Mosaic gold
Identifiers
CAS Number	1315-01-1 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image (S=Sn=S): Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:50886 N
ChemSpider	21865812
ECHA InfoCard	100.013.867
EC Number	215-252-9
PubChem CID	73977 15238661 (S=Sn=S)
UNII	YVY89V9BUH N
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID101014322
InChI InChI=1S/2S.Sn/q2*-2;+4 N[inchi] Key: TUTLDIXHQPSHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N[inchi]
SMILES [S-2].[S-2].[Sn+4] (S=Sn=S): S=[Sn]=S
Properties
Chemical formula	S2Sn
Molar mass	182.83 g·mol−1
Appearance	Gold-yellow powder
Odor	Odorless
Density	4.5 g/cm3[1]
Melting point	600 °C (1,112 °F; 873 K) decomposes[1]
Solubility in water	Insoluble
Solubility	Soluble in aq. alkalis, decompose in aqua regia[1] Insoluble in alkyl acetates, acetone[2]
Structure
Crystal structure	Rhombohedral, hP3[3]
Space group	P3m1, No. 164[3]
Point group	3 2/m[3]
Lattice constant	a = 3.65 Å, c = 5.88 Å[3] α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120°
Coordination geometry	Octahedral (Sn4+)[3]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms	[4]
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H302, H312, H315, H319, H332, H335[4]
Precautionary statements	P261, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P332+P313[4]
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	[4] 1 0 0
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Synthesis and structure

Fragment of the SnS₂ lattice. Color code: yellow = S, gray = Sn.

The compound precipitates as a brown solid upon the addition of H₂S to solutions containing tin(IV) species. This reaction is reversed at low pH. It can also be prepared by heating finely ground Sn with excess sulfur.^[7]

The compound crystallizes in the cadmium iodide motif, with the Sn(IV) situated in "octahedral holes' defined by six sulfide centers.^[8]

The material reacts with sulfide salts to give a series of thiostannates with the formula [SnS
₂]
_m[S]²ⁿ⁻
_n.^[9] A simplified equation for this depolymerization reaction is:

SnS₂ + S²⁻ → ⁠1/x⁠[SnS₃²⁻]_x

Potential uses

Crystalline SnS₂ has a bronze color and is used in decorative coating^[10] where it is known as mosaic gold.

Tin (IV) sulfide has various uses in electrochemistry. It serves as an anode in prototypes of lithium-ion batteries.^[11] Intercalation with organometallic reagents is reversible.^[12]

It has also been evaluated as a component of supercapacitors, which could be used for energy storage.^[13]

See also

• Mosaic Gold