Tobol

For the Kazakh football club, see FC Tobol.

The Tobol (Russian: Тобол, Kazakh: Тобыл) is a river in Western Siberia (in Kazakhstan and Russia) and the main (left) tributary of the Irtysh. Its length is 1,591 km (989 mi), and the area of its drainage basin is 426,000 km² (164,000 sq mi).^[1]

Tobol
Confluence of Irtysh and Tobol in Tobolsk in 1912
Map of the Tobol watershed
Location of mouth
Location
Country	Russia, Kazakhstan
Physical characteristics
Source	Turgay Plateau
• location	Kairakty, Russia
• coordinates	51°28′01″N 61°00′29″E
• elevation	271 m (889 ft)
Mouth	Irtysh
• location	Tobolsk, Russia
• coordinates	58°09′14″N 68°12′55″E
• elevation	32 m (105 ft)
Length	1,591 km (989 mi)
Basin size	426,000 km2 (164,000 sq mi)
Discharge
• average	805 cubic metres per second (28,400 cu ft/s)
Basin features
Progression	Irtysh→ Ob→ Kara Sea
River system	Ob

History

The Tobol River was one of the four important rivers of the Siberia Khanate. In 1428 the khan was killed in a battle with the forces of Abu'l-Khayr Khan at the Battle of Tobol.^[2]

In the 16th century, the Tobol was the eastern terminus of the portage route leading westward to the rivers Vishera and Kama.

Cities and towns on the Tobol

• Lisakovsk in Kazakhstan
• Rudni in Kazakhstan
• Kostanay (formerly Nikolaevsk) in Kazakhstan
• Kurgan in the Russian Federation
• Yalutorovsk in the Russian Federation
• Tobolsk in the Russian Federation, where the Tobol joins the Irtysh

Main tributaries

The largest tributaries of the Tobol are, from source to mouth:^[1]

• Syntasty (left)
• Ayat (left)
• Uy (left)
• Ubagan (right)
• Iset (left)
• Tura (left)
• Tavda (left)