Tohoku proportional representation block

The Tōhoku proportional representation block (比例[代表]東北ブロック, Hirei [daihyō] Tōhoku burokku) is one of eleven proportional representation (PR) blocks for the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. It consists of the Tōhoku region, namely the prefectures of Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, Akita, Yamagata and Fukushima. Upon the introduction of proportional voting at the 1996 general election, the block elected 16 Representatives to the House. The block's representation was reduced to 14 Representatives at the 2000 general election, and to 13 in the 2017 election.^[1]

Tōhoku Proportional Representation Block
Parliamentary constituency for the Japanese House of Representatives
Map of House of Representatives proportional blocks, with the Tōhoku block highlighted
Prefectures	Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, Akita, Yamagata, and Fukushima
Electorate	7,538,808
Current constituency
Created	1994
Number of members	13

Summary of results

All major national parties have managed to obtain at least one of the PR seats in Tōhoku since the introduction of proportional voting in 1996. The region also contains several strongholds: Aomori in particular is a typical "conservative kingdom" and leans towards the LDP along with the Western prefectures along the Sea of Japan coast; Iwate is the home of Ichirō Ozawa, former NFP, LP and DPJ president and a "Democratic kingdom" having also the first prefectural parliament in Japan where the Democrats managed to obtain the status of strongest party in 2007.

General election	LDP			DPJ			Kōmeitō			JCP			SDP			NFP ('96)/ LP ('00)/ TPJ ('12)/ PLP ('14)			JRP ('12)/ JIP ('14)			YP			Others
	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
1996	1,630,777	35.3	6	513,410	11.1	2	–			442,790	9.6	1	382,271	8.3	1	1,532,987	33.2	6	–						121,828	2.6	0
2000	1,545,028	32.0	5	1,024,253	21.2	3	474,238	9.8	1	391,055	8.1	1	517,267	10.7	1	786,751	16.3	3	–						96,174	2.0	0
2003	1,794,284	37.6	6	1,784,768	37.4	5	565,179	11.9	1	313,290	6.6	1	310,187	6.5	1	–			–						–
2005	1,901,595	36.5	6	1,748,165	33.6	5	620,638	11.9	1	325,176	6.2	1	362,523	7.0	1	–			–						244,933	4.7	0
2009	1,491,761	27.9	4	2,433,836	45.5	7	516,688	9.7	1	315,201	5.9	1	316,635	5.9	1	–			–			241,445	4.5	0	36,295	0.7	0
2012	1,238,716	28.6	5	805,709	18.6	3	398,131	9.2	1	256,838	5.9	1	160,367	3.7	0	391,216	9.0	1	725,006	16.7	2	306,102	7.1	1	56,412	1.3	0
2014	1,265,372	32.9	5	863,539	22.5	4	431,169	11.2	2	379,811	9.9	1	131,857	3.4	0	181,487	4.7	0	499,437	13.0	2	–			89,227	2.3	0

List of representatives

Elected Representatives
Tenure		1996-2000				2000-03				2003-05				2005-09				2009-12				2012-14				2014-17				2017-21				2021-24				2024-pres.
Rep. Party		Zenmei Matsumoto JCP								Chizuko Takahashi JCP																				Akinori Eto LDP				Jun Tsushima LDP				Akinori Eto LDP
Rep. Party		Kenjirō Hatakeyama SDP				Tetsuo Kanno SDP				Kiyohiro Yamamoto SDP				Tetsuo Kanno SDP				Hideo Yoshiizumi SDP				Kōji Hata TPJ -> PLP				Emi Kaneko DPJ -> DP				Manabu Terata KnT -> Ind. -> CDP				Akiko Okamoto CDP				Yuki Baba CDP
Rep. Party		Ichirō Hino (died 2003) DPJ						Masayo Tanabu DPJ		Kiyohito Hashimoto DPJ				Masayo Tanabu DPJ								Kazuko Kōri DPJ -> DP								Akiko Okamoto CDP				Kenya Akiba LDP				Chisato Morishita LDP
Rep. Party		Kenji Kodama DPJ				Takao Satō DPJ				Yōsuke Kondō DPJ								Noriko Nakanowatami DPJ				Yōsuke Kondō DPJ -> DP								Yoshitami Kameoka LDP				Ichirō Kanke LDP				Manabu Terata CDP
Rep. Party		Yasusuke Konta NFP -> DPJ				Yasasuke Konta DPJ				Izumi Yoshida DPJ								Kazuo Takamatsu DPJ				Izumi Yoshida DPJ				Manabu Terata DPJ -> DP				Takashi Fujiwara LDP				Manabu Terata CDP				Daijiro Kikuchi DPP
Rep. Party		Kijūrō Sugahara NFP -> Lib.				Kijūrō Sugahara (resigned 2001) Lib.		Kentarō Ishihara Lib.		Michihiko Kano DPJ				Kazuko Kōri DPJ				Kazuyuki Yamaguchi DPJ				Shinji Oguma JRP -> JIP				Sekio Masuta JIP -> DP				Shinji Oguma KnT -> DPP -> CDP				Kenichi Shōji Komeito				Junji Fukuhara LDP
Rep. Party		Tatsuo Sasayama NFP -> Lib.				Kentarō Kudō Lib.				Teruhiko Mashiko DPJ				Hokuto Yokoyama DPJ				Kyōichi Tsushima DPJ				Toshihide Muraoka JRP -> JIP				Toshihide Muraoka JIP -> Vision of Reform -> DP				Yoshihisa Inoue Komeito				Junji Fukuhara LDP				Kenichi Shōji Komeito
Rep. Party		Yoshihisa Inoue NFP -> Komeito				Yoshihisa Inoue Komeito																								Makoto Yamazaki CDP				Ichirō Ozawa CDP				Sekio Masuta CDP
Rep. Party		Kōdō Kohata NFP -> DPJ				Yoshinobu Takahashi Lib.				Masashi Nakano LDP								Miki Wajima (resigned in 2012) DPJ		Ippu Watanabe DPJ		Hiroki Hayashi YP -> Unity Party -> JIP				Yūichi Mayama Komeito				Hinako Takahashi LDP				Katsutoshi Kaneda LDP				Nobuhide Minorikawa LDP
Rep. Party		Kōki Hagino NFP -> LDP				Kōki Hagino LDP								Atsushi Watanabe LDP				Chōuemon Kikuchi DPJ				Sachiko Kanno LDP				Ichirō Kanke LDP				Chizuko Takahashi JCP								Wakako Sawara Reiwa
Rep. Party		Hidefumi Minorikawa (died 2003) LDP						Kyōichi Tsushima LDP						Tatsuo Satō LDP				Katsutoshi Kaneda LDP				Miyo Ōkubo LDP				Shigeaki Katsunama LDP				Takashi Midorikawa KnT -> DPP -> CDP				Kentarō Uesugi LDP				Yuki Saito CDP
Rep. Party		Ichio Kumagai LDP								Tokuichirō Tamazawa LDP								Kenya Akiba LDP				Hinako Takahashi LDP								Kentarō Uesugi LDP				Atsushi Hayasaka Ishin				Taku Nemoto LDP
Rep. Party		Kōji Futada LDP				Hiroyuki Arai LDP				Kōji Futada LDP								Masayoshi Yoshino LDP				Hidenori Hashimoto LDP								Yukihiko Akutsu CDP				Yuki Baba CDP			Seat abolished
Rep. Party		Toshiaki Endō LDP				Kōji Sakamoto LDP				Masayoshi Yoshino LDP				Kōji Sakamoto LDP				Toshiaki Endō LDP				Takashi Fujiwara LDP							Seat abolished
Rep. Party		Tokuichirō Tamazawa LDP			Seat abolished
Rep. Party		Yoshiyuki Hozumi LDP			Seat abolished

Recent results

• #: List rank assigned by the party
• District column: For double candidates who concurrently ran in a single-member electoral district, the district column contains the electoral district where they stood and the sekihairitsu (lit. "narrow defeat ratio"), the ratio of margin of defeat. It determines the ranking of candidates who are put on the same list rank by their party.
• (in parentheses): Double candidates who are not eligible for election in the proportional block either because they won their district races or were disqualified for having received less than 10% of the vote in the district race (also the threshold for losing the deposit)

2014

Tōhoku block results in the 2014 general House of Representatives election^[2]

#	Candidate	District	Status	#	Candidate	District	Status	#	Candidate	District	Status
LDP: 1,265,372 votes (32.9%), 5 seats				DPJ: 863,539 votes (22.5%), 4 seats				JIP: 499,437 votes (13.0%), 2 seats
1	(Jun Tsushima)	Aomori 1 (won)		1	(Takeshi Shina)	Iwate 1 (won)		1	(Shinji Oguma)	Fukushima 4 (won)
	(Akinori Eto)	Aomori 2 (won)			(Tōru Kikawada)	Iwate 3 (won)			Sekio Masuta	Aomori 1 (94.2%)	Elected
	(Tadamori Ōshima)	Aomori 3 (won)			(Jun Azumi)	Miyagi 5 (won)			Toshihide Muraoka	Akita 3 (94.0%)	Elected
	(Tarō Kumura)	Aomori 4 (won)			(Kōichirō Genba)	Fukushima 3 (won)			Hiroki Hayashi	Miyagi 2 (66.4%)	–
	(Shun'ichi Suzuki)	Iwate 2 (won)			Emi Kaneko	Fukushima 1 (94.8%)	Elected		Noriko Nakanowatari	Aomori 2 (34.8%)	–
	(Tōru Doi)	Miyagi 1 (won)			Yōsuke Kondō	Yamagata 2 (92.3%)	Elected	Kōmeitō: 431,169 votes (11.2%), 2 seats
	(Ken'ya Akiba)	Miyagi 2 (won)			Manabu Terata	Akita 1 (87.0%)	Elected	1	Yoshihisa Inoue	–	Elected
	(Akihiro Nishimura)	Miyagi 3 (won)			Kazuko Kōri	Miyagi 1 (86.8%)	Elected	2	Yūichi Mayama	–	Elected
	(Shintarō Itō)	Miyagi 4 (won)			Izumi Yoshida	Fukushima 5 (84.4%)	–	JCP: 379,811 votes (9.9%), 1 seat
	(Itsunori Onodera)	Miyagi 6 (won)			Masayo Tanabu	Aomori 3 (82.8%)	–	1	Chizuko Takahashi	–	Elected
	(Hiroyuki Togashi)	Akita 1 (won)			Takashi Midorikawa	Akita 2 (69.1%)	–	2	Tomo Iwabuchi	–	–
	(Katsutoshi Kaneda)	Akita 2 (won)			Kiyohito Hashimoto	Miyagi 3 (64.2%)	–	PLP: 181,487 votes (4.7%), no seat
	(Nobuhide Minorikawa)	Akita 3 (won)			Mitsunori Akabe	Fukushima 2 (63.6%)	–	1	(Ichirō Ozawa)	Iwate 4 (won)
	(Toshiaki Endō)	Yamagata 1 (won)			Masae Ido	Miyagi 4 (51.2%)	–		Kōji Hata	Iwate 2 (84.1%)	-
	(Norikazu Suzuki)	Yamagata 2 (won)			Takashi Yamauchi	Aomori 4 (48.1%)	–	3	Sadao Hirano	–	–
	(Ayuko Katō)	Yamagata 3 (won)			Masahiro Harada	Yamagata 1 (46.7%)	–	PFG: 71,026 votes (1.8%), no seat
	(Yoshitami Kameoka)	Fukushima 1 (won)			Sayuri Kamata	Miyagi 6 (32.4%)	–	1	(Teruaki Masumoto)	Miyagi 2 (16.7%)	DQ
	(Takumi Nemoto)	Fukushima 2 (won)			(Taisei Yoshida)	Yamagata 3 (20.0%)	DQ	2	Nakako Uda	–	–
	(Masayoshi Yoshino)	Fukushima 5 (won)		19	Yoshiaki Kobayashi	–	–	HRP: 18,201 votes (0.5%), no seat
	Ichirō Kanke	Fukushima 4 (99.2%)	Elected	SDP: 131,857 votes (3.4%), no seat				1	Hisshō Yanai	–	–
	Takashi Fujiwara	Iwate 4 (76.7%)	Elected	1	(Uzen Ogawa)	Fukushima 4 (17.8%)	DQ	2	Ryōta Shirotori	–	–
	Hinako Takahashi	Iwate 1 (60.4%)	Elected		(Takashi Kuwajima)	Miyagi 2 (12.8%)	DQ	3	Tetsushi Yui	–	–
	Hidenori Hashimoto	Iwate 3 (57.4%)	Elected		(Mitsumasa Hosokawa)	Iwate 1 (11.7%)	DQ
	Shigeaki Katsunuma	Miyagi 5 (52.9%)	Elected		(Masamichi Itō)	Akita 1 (8.1%)	DQ
	Kentarō Uesugi	Fukushima 3 (52.0%)		5	Masahiro Kimura	–	–
26	Sachiko Kanno	–	–
27	Osamu Yoshida	–	–
28	Fumito Murakami	–	–

2012

Tōhoku block results in the 2012 general House of Representatives election^[3]

#	Candidate	District	Status	#	Candidate	District	Status	#	Candidate	District	Status
LDP: 1,238,716 votes (28.6%), 5 seats				DPJ: 805,709 votes (18.6%), 3 seats				JRP: 725,006 votes (16.7%), 2 seats
1	(Jun Tsushima)	Aomori 1 (won)		1	(Takeshi Shina)	Iwate 1 (won)		1	Shinji Oguma	Fukushima 4 (69.7%)	Elected
	(Akinori Eto)	Aomori 2 (won)			(Tōru Kikawada)	Iwate 3 (won)		2	Toshihide Muraoka	Akita 3 (76.5%)	Elected
	(Tadamori Ōshima)	Aomori 3 (won)			(Jun Azumi)	Miyagi 5 (won)			Sekio Masuta	Aomori 1 (64.7%)	–
	(Tarō Kimura)	Aomori 4 (won)			(Kōichirō Genba)	Fukushima 3 (won)		4	Masashi Nakano	Miyagi 2 (59.1%)	–
	(Shun'ichi Suzuki)	Iwate 2 (won)			Izumi Yoshida	Fukushima 5 (88.7%)	Elected		Noboru Usami	Fukushima 5 (42.8%)	–
	(Tōru Doi)	Miyagi 1 (won)			Yōsuke Kondō	Yamagata 2 (81.2%)	Elected		Masaki Hatakeyama	Miyagi 4 (38.2%)	–
	(Ken'ya Akiba)	Miyagi 2 (won)			Kazuko Kōri	Miyagi 1 (69.6%)	Elected		Takeaharu Satō	Yamagata 3 (35.2%)	–
	(Akihiro Nishimura)	Miyagi 3 (won)			Michihiko Kano	Yamagata 1 (68.9%)	–		Kazunori Midorikawa	Fukushima 2 (27.9%)	–
	(Shintarō Itō)	Miyagi 4 (won)			Keiki Ishiyama	Miyagi 4 (67.6%)	–		Hiroaki Kawano	Yamagata 2 (26.1%)	–
	(Itsunori Onodera)	Miyagi 6 (won)			Manabu Terata	Akita 1 (67.1%)	–		(Nobuhiro Ōmiya)	Akita 1 (20.9%)	DQ
	(Hiroyuki Togashi)	Akita 1 (won)			Hiroshi Kawaguchi	Akita 2 (62.5%)	–	Kōmeitō: 398,131 votes (9.2%), 1 seat
	(Katsutoshi Kaneda)	Akita 2 (won)			Masayo Tanabu	Aomori 3 (61.6%)	–	1	Yoshihisa Inoue	–	Elected
	(Nobuhide Minorikawa)	Akita 3 (won)			Kiyohito Hashimoto	Miyagi 3 (53.2%)	–	2	Yūichi Mayama	–	–
	(Toshiaki Endō)	Yamagata 1 (won)			Azuma Konno	Miyagi 2 (45.8%)	–	TPJ: 391,216 votes (9.0%), 1 seat
	(Norikazu Suzuki)	Yamagata 2 (won)			Hideki Ōba	Fukushima 1 (36.7%)	–	1	Kōji Hata	Iwate 2 (65.9%)	Elected
	(Yoshitami Kameoka)	Fukushima 1 (won)			Toshiaki Oikawa	Iwate 4 (36.6%)	–		Yasunori Saitō	Miyagi 2 (44.8%)	–
	(Takumi Nemoto)	Fukushima 2 (won)			Kyōichi Tsushima	Aomori 4 (33.6%)	–		Hokuto Yokoyama	Aomori 1 (43.7%)	–
	(Ichirō Kanke)	Fukushima 4 (won)			Yasuo Saitō	Fukushima 2 (26.4%)	–		Yōzaburō Ishihara	Fukushima 1 (41.3%)	–
	(Gōji Sakamoto)	Fukushima 5 (won)			Mariko Mitsui	Akita 3 (24.3%)	–		Kazumi Ōta	Fukushima 2 (27.1%)	–
	Hinako Takahashi	Iwate 1 (78.7%)	Elected		Tomonobu Nakamura	Aomori 2 (22.9%)	–		Kimiko Kyōno	Akita 3 (25.9%)	–
	Takashi Fujiwara	Iwate 4 (61.3%)	Elected		Sayuri Kamata	Miyagi 6 (21.5%)	–		(Kazuo Takamatsu)	Akita 1 (13.2%)	DQ
	Hidenori Hashimoto	Iwate 3 (57.8%)	Elected		(Rina Hatano)	Aomori 1 (23.3%)	DQ	8	Chōuemon Kikuchi	–	–
	Miyo Ōkubo	Miyagi 5 (47.8%)	Elected	YP: 306,102 votes (7.1%), 1 seat				9	Yōko Tasso	Iwate 1 (74.5%)	–
	Sachiko Kanno	Fukushima 3 (45.2%)	Elected	1	Hiroki Hayashi	Miyagi 1 (43.7%)	Elected		Naomi Satō	Iwate 3 (69.4%)	–
25	Osamu Yoshida	–	–		Fumihiro Kikuchi	Miyagi 2 (30.2%)	–		Noriko Nakanowatari	Aomori 2 (22.1%)	–
26	Fumito Murakami	–	–		(Kazumasa Sugamoto)	Fukushima 5 (16.5%)	DQ		(Masato Yokota)	Miyagi 1 (18.9%)	DQ
JCP: 256,838 votes (5.9%), 1 seat				SDP: 160,367 votes (3.7%), no seat					(Takashi Yamanouchi)	Aomori 3 (17.1%)	DQ
1	Chizuko Takahashi	–	Elected	1	Hideo Yoshiizumi	Yamagata 3 (31.9%)	–		(Nobuko Abe)	Miyagi 5 (12.7%)	DQ
2	Tomo Iwabuchi	–	–		Hiroshi Ishida	Akita 2 (23.4%)	–		(Kiichi Matsumoto)	Fukushima 5 (11.2%)	DQ
NRP: 41,587 votes (1.0%), no seat					Uzen Ogawa	Fukushima 4 (21.9%)	–	16	Tamikazu Kawaguchi	–	–
1	Kentarō Uesugi	–	–		(Masahiro Isawa)	Iwate 1 (17.7%)	DQ	HRP: 14,825 votes (0.3%), no seat
–					(Takashi Kuwajima)	Miyagi 1 (7.4%)	DQ	1	Hironori Matsushima	–	–
				6	Fumiyo Yamana	–	–	2	Shūji Nakanishi	–	–
				7	Tetsuo Kanno	–	–	3	Hidemitsu Sakai	–	–

2009

Tōhoku block results in the 2009 general election^[4][5]

LDP: 1,491,761 votes (27.9%), 4 seats					DPJ: 2,433,836 votes (45.5%), 7 seats					Kōmeitō: 516,688 votes (9.7%), 1 seat
#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio" (sekihairitsu)	Elected	#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected	#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected
1	Masayoshi Yoshino	Fukushima 3	(35.5%)	Elected	1	Masayo Tanabu	Aomori 3	99.5%	Elected	1	Yoshihisa Inoue	PR only		Elected
2	Ken'ya Akiba	PR only		Elected		Kyōichi Tsushima	Aomori 4	86.8%	Elected	2	Kaneshige Wakamatsu			–
3	Toshiaki Endō	Yamagata 1	98.7%	Elected		Noriko Nakanowatari	Aomori 2	74.2%	Elected	3	Tetsuya Kawamata			–
	Katsutoshi Kaneda	Akita 2	98.5%	Elected		Hokuto Yokoyama	Aomori 1	Won district		JCP: 315,201 votes (5.9%), 1 seat
	Akinori Eto	Aomori 2	Won district			Takeshi Shina	Iwate 1	Won district		#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected
	Tadamori Ōshima	Aomori 3	Won district			Kōji Hata	Iwate 2	Won district		1	Chizuko Takahashi	PR only		Elected
	Tarō Kimura	Aomori 4	Won district			Tōru Kikawada	Iwate 3	Won district		2	Shizue Miyamoto			–
	Itsunori Onodera	Miyagi 6	Won district			Kazuko Kōri	Miyagi 1	Won district		3	Satoshi Suzuki	Akita 1	17.0%	–
	Kōichi Katō	Yamagata 3	Won district			Yasunori Saitō	Miyagi 2	Won district			Mikio Katō	Miyagi 4	9.9%	–
	Nobuhide Minorikawa	Akita 3	88.9%	–		Kiyohito Hashimoto	Miyagi 3	Won district			Yō Yoshimata	Aomori 1	7.8%	–
	Yoshitaka Kameoka	Fukushima 1	87.4%	–		Keiki Ishiyama	Miyagi 4	Won district			Sadakiyo Segawa	Iwate 4	6.1%	–
	Takumi Nemoto	Fukushima 2	84.9%	–		Jun Azumi	Miyagi 5	Won district			Masayuki Satō	Yamagata 1	5.6%	–
	Shun'ichi Suzuki	Iwate 2	82.1%	–		Manabu Terata	Akita 1	Won district		SDP: 316,635 votes (5.9%), 1 seat
	Akihiro Nishimura	Miyagi 3	79.0%	–		Mikiko Kyōno	Akita 3	Won district		#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected
	Shintarō Itō	Miyagi 4	77.2%	–		Michihiko Kano	Yamagata 1	Won district		1	Hideo Yoshiizumi	Yamagata 3	61.5%	Elected
	Masami Saitō	Miyagi 5	70.7%	–		Yōsuke Kondō	Yamagata 2	Won district			Tetsuo Kanno	Miyagi 6	53.6%	–
	Kōji Futada	Akita 1	66.3%	–		Yōsaburō Ishihara	Fukushima 1	Won district			Kiyohiro Yamamoto	Akita 2	25.2%	–
	Kōji Sakamoto	Fukushima 5	65.5%	–		Kazumi Ōta	Fukushima 2	Won district			Senryō Obara	Iwate 4	21.5%	–
	Masashi Nakano	Miyagi 2	62.3%	–		Kōichirō Genba	Fukushima 3	Won district			Hidehiko Watanabe	Aomori 1	12.6%	–
	Tōru Doi	Miyagi 1	58.2%	–		Kōzō Watanabe	Fukushima 4	Won district			Masahiro Isawa	Iwate 1	11.2%	–
	Atsushi Watanabe	Fukushima 4	53.8%	–		Izumi Yoshida	Fukushima 5	Won district		YP: 241,445 votes (4.5%), no seat
	Hironori Suzuki	Yamagata 2	48.7%	–	22	Miki Wajima	PR only		Elected	#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected
	Hidenori Hashimoto	Iwate 3	46.9%	–	23	Kazuo Takamatsu			Elected	1	Shinji Oguma	Fukushima 4	46.7%	–
	Hinako Takahashi	Iwate 1	43.4%	–	24	Chōuemon Kikuchi			Elected		Shigehito Sasaki	Akita 2	9.2%	–
	Yoshinobu Takahashi	Iwate 4	31.1%	–	25	Kazuyuki Yamaguchi			Elected	HRP: 36,295 votes (0.7%), no seat
26	Nobuhiro Ōmiya	PR only		–	26	Tamikazu Kawaguchi			– (removed)	#	Candidate	District	"Loss ratio"	Elected
27	Shigeyo Nagaoka			–	27	Ippu Watanabe			– (in 2012)	1	Hironori Matsushima	PR only		–
28	Hisataka Satō			–	28	Hisashi Suzuki			–	2	Yukiya Uejō			–
–										3	Maki Akimoto			–