Tone indicator

This article is about the symbols appended to text to portray intent. For phonetic tone representation, see Tone (linguistics) § Phonetic notation. For other uses, see Tone.

A tone indicator, also called a tone tag, is a shorthand symbol or abbreviation that conveys the intended tone, intent or emotional context of a written message that might otherwise be ambiguous. In essence, it is a form of meta‑communication: a cue that supplements the literal text with guidance on how the message should be interpreted.

Tone indicators are typically represented by a forward slash (/) followed by a few letters, such as /s for "sarcastic" or /gen for "genuine". They are most often placed at the end of a sentence and are especially common in casual online communication.

Because written communication lacks the nonverbal cues of face‑to‑face interaction – such as vocal inflection, facial expressions, and body language – tone indicators serve as their textual substitutes to reduce misinterpretation.

History

Early attempts to create tone indicators stemmed from the difficulty of denoting irony in print media, and so several irony punctuation marks were proposed. The percontation point (⸮; a reversed question mark) was proposed by Henry Denham in the 1580s to denote a rhetorical question, but usage died out by the 1700s.^[1]

In 1668, John Wilkins proposed the irony mark, using an inverted exclamation mark (¡) to denote an ironic statement. Various other punctuation marks were proposed over the following centuries to denote irony, but none gained popular usage.^[2] In 1982, the emoticon was created to be used to denote jokes (with :-)) or things that are not jokes (with :-().^[3]

The syntax of modern tone indicators stems from /s, which has long been used on the internet to denote sarcasm.^[4] This symbol is an abbreviated version of the earlier /sarcasm, itself a simplification of </sarcasm>,^[5] the form of a humorous XML closing tag marking the end of a "sarcasm" block, and therefore placed at the end of a sarcastic passage.

Internet usage

On the internet, one or more tone indicators may be placed at the end of a message. A tone indicator on the internet often takes the form of a forward slash (/) followed by an abbreviation of a relevant adjective; alternatively, a more detailed textual description (e. g., / friendly, caring about your well-being) may be used. For example, /srs may be attached to the end of a message to indicate that the message is meant to be interpreted in a serious manner, as opposed to, for example, being a joke (which is commonly represented as /j). Tone indicators are used to explicitly state the author's intent, instead of leaving the message up to interpretation.^[4][6]

List of common tone indicators on the internet^[6][7]

Abbreviation	Meaning	Description
/s	sarcasm	Used to denote sarcasm.
/srs	serious	Used to denote seriousness.
/j	joking	Used to denote jokes.
/hj	half-joking	Used to denote hyperboles or serious underlying intent.
/gen or /genq	genuine; genuine question	Used to denote genuineness, whether in a phrase or question.
/lh	lighthearted	Used to denote lightheartedness and cheerfulness.

See also

• /s – Proposed form of notation used to denote irony or sarcasm in textPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• Irony punctuation – Proposed form of notation used to denote irony or sarcasm in text
• Meta-communication – Communication about how information is meant to be interpreted
• Internet slang – Slang languages used by different people on the Internet
• Poe's law – Confusion of parody and sincere expression