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Trachycarpeae

Tribe of palms From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Trachycarpeae
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Trachycarpeae is a tribe of palms in subfamily Coryphoideae of the plant family Arecaceae.[1][2] It has the widest distribution of any tribe in Coryphoideae and is found on all continents (except Antarctica), though the greatest concentration of species is in Southeast Asia.[3] Trachycarpeae includes palms from both tropical and subtropical zones; the northernmost naturally-occurring palm is a member of this tribe (Chamaerops humilis).[4] Several genera can be found in cultivation in temperate areas, for example species of Trachycarpus, Chamaerops, Rhapidophyllum and Washingtonia.[5]

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Description

Palms in this tribe have palmate leaves with induplicate folds (reduplicate in Guihaia).[3] Plants may be tall, single-stemmed trees (e.g. Copernicia, Brahea, Pritchardia), acaulescent with short, squat trunks (e.g. Maxburretia, Johannesteijsmannia), multi-stemmed (e.g. Rhapis, Acoelorraphe) or branched and prostrate (e.g. Serenoa). These palms flower regularly throughout their lives (pleonanthic) and may be dioecious, monoecious or hermaphroditic.[3]

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Taxonomy

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Trachycarpeae is one of eight tribes in the subfamily Coryphoideae.[6] The tribe is monophyletic, but phylogenetic studies have yet to reveal its closest relatives, though they could be the Phoeniceae, or the Sabaleae and Cryosophileae.[3] Initially described as tribe 'Livistoneae', the name Trachycarpeae has priority.[3] In previous classifications, all the members of this tribe were included in tribe Corypheae.[7]

Trachycarpeae is divided into two subtribes: Rhapidinae have flowers with three separate carpels, whereas in subtribe Livistoniinae the flower carpels are free at the base, but the styles are fused together.[3] All genera in Rhapidinae are native to the Old World, except North American Rhapidophyllum. Livistoninae are widely distributed in both the New World and Southeast Asia and Australia. A single species (Livistona carinensis) has its main area of distribution in Africa, with Chamaerops humilis extending into northern Africa. Several genera in this tribe have yet to be allocated to a subtribe, due to a lack of convincing data from phylogenetic studies.[6]

Rhapidinae[3][6]

Livistoninae[3][6]

Unplaced genera[3][6]

The above classification was published prior to the recognition of the genera Saribus and Lanonia; however, both are clearly members of subtribe Livistoniinae. Saribus includes species formerly in Livistona and monotypic Pritchardiopsis,[8] while Lanonia species were previously included in Licuala.[9][10]

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