Transitional Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Transitional Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo was tasked with moving from the state riven by the Second Congo War (1998–2003) to a government based upon a constitution agreed on by consensus. In 2001, President Laurent Kabila was assassinated, and his son Joseph Kabila was named head of state.

Transitional Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Cabinet of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Date formed	7 April 2003 (2003-04-07)
Date dissolved	5 February 2007 (2007-02-05)
People and organisations
Head of government	Joseph Kabila
Status in legislature	Coalition
History
Predecessor	Kabila
Successor	Gizenga I

Background

In July 2002, the Pretoria Accord was signed on withdrawal of foreign forces. In October 2002, Joseph Kabila negotiated the withdrawal of Rwandan forces occupying eastern Congo. Two months later, the 'Global and All-Inclusive Agreement' was signed by all remaining warring parties to end the fighting and establish a government of national unity.^[1]

Prunier writes: For a few months after the signing of the Sun City Agreement, things had stagnated as the delegates to the Intra-Congolese Dialogue kept debating in Pretoria about how to turn the piece of paper they had signed into some kind of reality. On April 1, 2003, they finally adopted the draft constitution which had been presented to them on March 6, and they agreed upon the outline of a transitional government.^[2]

History

On April 7, 2003, Joseph Kabila was sworn in as transitional president.^[3] And on the next day, the last of the four agreed vice-presidents was named, Azarias Ruberwa for the RCD-G. He joined Abdoulaye Yerodia Ndombasi for Kabila's government; Jean-Pierre Bemba for the MLC; and Arthur Z'ahidi Ngoma for the political opposition.^[4]

The first cabinet was announced on July 1.^[3]

On July 17 2003, the four vice-presidents of the DRC's two-year transitional government took the oath of office in Kinshasa, but a day later on July 18, transitional government officials designated by the RCD-Goma and the MLC refused to take the oath of office because it included swearing allegiance to President Joseph Kabila.^[4]

Over the course of September, a reinforced MONUC presence carried out the "Bunia, weapon-free zone" operation to demilitarize the province. They were partially successful, though conflicts continue to permeate the region.

On June 11, 2004, the transitional government faced a failed coup attempt by a renegade faction of the presidential guard led by Major Eric Lenge.^[5]

The transitional period came to end with the completion of the 2006 general election and the swearing in of Kabila as president on 6 December 2006, the start of the newly elected parliament in January 2007, and the new cabinet taking office in February 2007.

Composition

Ministers:

• Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation:
  • Antoine Ghonda Mangalibi (MLC)
  • Raymond Ramazani Baya (MLC) (from 22 July 2004)
• Land Affairs: Venant Tshipasa (DCF/COFEDEC)
• Social Affairs:
  • Ingele Ifoto (Camp of the Fatherland)
  • Laurent-Charles Otete Omanga (from 3 January 2005)
• Agriculture, Fishing, Livestock Farming:
  • Justin Kangundu (MLC)
  • Constant Ndom Nda Ombel (MLC) (from 3 February 2004)
  • Paul Musafiri (MLC) (from 18 November 2005)
• Budget: François Muamba Tshishimbi (MLC)
• Foreign Trade:
  • Roger Lumbala (RCD-N)
  • Chantal Ngalula Mulumba (RCD-N) (from 3 January 2005)
• Women's Status and Family: Faida Mwangilwa (RCD)
• International Cooperation :
  • Banza Mulukayi (from 28 November 2005)
• Regional Cooperation: Antipas Mbusa Nyamwisi (RCD/ML)
• Culture and Arts:
  • Pierrette Gene Vungbo Yatalo (PPRD) (from 9 September 2003)
  • Christophe Muzungu (PPRD) (from 11 July 2004 )
  • Philémon Mukendi (PPRD) (from 18 November 2005)
• National Defense, Veterans, and Demobilization:
  • Jean-Pierre Ondekane (RCD) (30 June 2003–3 January 2005)
  • Adolphe Onusumba Yemba (RCD) (3 January 2005)
• Rural Development: Pardonne Kaliba Mulanga (Maï-Maï)
• Human Rights: Marie-Madeleine Kalala
• Economy:
  • Célestin Mvunabali (RCD) (30 June 2003–11 July 2004)
  • Émile Ngoy Kasongo (RCD) (from 11 July 2004)
  • Floribert Bokanga (RCD) (from 3 January 2005)
  • Pierre Manoka (RCD) (from 18 November 2005)
  • Moïse Nyarugabo Muhizi Mugeyo (RCD Goma) (from October 2006)
• Energy:
  • Kalema Lusona (PPRD)
  • Pierre Muzumba Mwana Ombe (PPRD) (from 3 January 2005)
  • Salomon Banamuhere (PPRD) (from 18 November 2005)
• Primary and Secondary Education:
  • Élysée Munembwe (MLC)
  • Constant Ndom Nda Ombel (MLC) (from 3 February 2004)
  • Paul Musafiri (MLC) (from 17 February 2005)
• Higher and University Education:
  • Émile Ngoy Kasongo (RCD) (from 30 June 2003–11 July 2004)
  • Joseph Mudumbi (RCD) (from 11 July 2004)
  • Théo Baruti (RCD) (from 18 November 2005)
• Environment and Nature Conservation: Anselme Enerunga (Maï-Maï)
• Finance:
  • Modeste Mutombo Kyamakosa (PPRD)
  • André-Philippe Futa Mudiumbula (PANU) (from September 2003)
  • Marco Banguli (PPRD) (from 18 November 2005)
• Civil Service:
  • Gustave Tabezi (30 June 2003–11 July 2004)
  • Athanase Matenda Kyelu (11 July 2004}})
• Industry:
  • André-Philippe Futa Mudiumbula (PANU) (30 June 2003–18 November 2005)
  • Jean Mbuyu Lunyongola (PPRD)
• Information, Press, and National Communications:
  • Vital Kamerhe (PPRD) (30 June 2003–11 July 2004)
  • Henri Mova Sakanyi (PPRD) (from 11 July 2004)
• Interior, Decentralization, and Security:
  • Théophile Mbemba Fundu (PPRD)
  • Général Denis Kalume Numbi (from 10 October 2006)
• Youth and Sports:
  • Omer Egwake (MLC)
  • Roger Nimy (MLC) (from 17 February 2005)
  • Jacques Lungwana (MLC) (from 18 November 2005)
• Justice and Keeper of the Seals: Honorius Kisimba Ngoy
• Mines:
  • Eugène Diomi Ndongala (DC)
  • Ingele Ifoto (Camp of the Fatherland) (from 3 January 2005)
• Plan:
  • Alexis Thambwe Mwamba (MLC) (30 June 2003–24 March 2006)
  • Delly Sesanga (MLC) (from 24 March 2006)
• Treasury:
  • Joseph Mudumbi (RCD)
  • Célestin Mvunabali (RCD) (from 11 July 2004)
• Posts and Telecommunications: Gertrude Kitembo (RCD)
• Scientific Research: Gérard Kamanda wa Kamanda (FCN)
• Public Health:
  • Jean Yagi Sitolo (PPRD) (30 June 2003–11 July 2004)
  • Anastasie Moleko Moliwa (PPRD) (from 11 July 2004)
  • Émile Bongeli Yeikeo Ya Ato (PPRD) (from 3 January 2005)
  • Zacharie Kashongwe (PPRD) (from 10 October 2006)
• Solidarity and Humanitarian Affairs: Catherine Nzuzi wa Mbombo (MPR/FP)
• Tourism:
  • Roger Nimy (MLC)
  • José Engwanda (RCD-N) (from 3 February 2004)
• Transportation and Communications:
  • Joseph Olenghankoy (FONUS)
  • Heva Muakasa (FPN) (from 3 January 2005)
  • Modeste Yali (Maï-Maï)
• Work and Social Welfare:
  • Théo Baruti (RCD) (30 June 2003–11 July 2004)
  • Jean-Pierre Lola Kisanga (RCD) (from 11 July 2004)
  • Balamage Nkolo (RCD) (from 3 January 2005)
• Public Works and Infrastructure:
  • José Endundo Bononge (MLC)
  • José Makila (MLC) (from 17 February 2005)
• Urban Planning and Housing: John Tibassima Atenyi (RCD/ML)

See also

• 2000s in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
• Transitional National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo