Trichomanes

Trichomanes is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns.^[2] The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally necessitates a permanently humid habitat, and makes the fronds somewhat translucent. Because of this membrane-like frond tissue, the plant is prone to drying out. “Filmy ferns” in the taxa Hymenophyllaceae grow in constantly wet environments. Many are found in cloud forests such as “Choco” in Colombia. There are also members of the taxa that can grow submersed in water.

Trichomanes
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Division:	Polypodiophyta
Class:	Polypodiopsida
Order:	Hymenophyllales
Family:	Hymenophyllaceae
Subfamily:	Trichomanoideae
Genus:	Trichomanes L.
Type species
Trichomanes scandens L.
Species
See text
Synonyms[1]
Achomanes Neck. Bergera W.Schaffn. ex Fée Feea Bory Hemiphlebium C.Presl Holophlebium Christ Homoeotes C.Presl Hymenostachys Bory Lacostea Bosch Lecanium C.Presl Leptomanes Prantl Leucomanes C.Presl Maschalosorus Bosch Mortoniopteris Pic.Serm. Muelleria W.Schaffn. ex E.Fourn. Neuromanes Trevis. Neurophyllum C.Presl Odontomanes C.Presl Pteromanes Pic.Serm. Ptilophyllum Bosch Pyxidaria Gled. Ragatelus C.Presl Trigonophyllum (Prantl) Pic.Serm. Davalliopsis Bosch Trichomanes subg. Davalliopsis (Bosch) Ebihara & K.Iwats.

The name bristle fern refers to the small bristle that protrudes from the indusia of these ferns.

Taxonomy

The genus Trichomanes was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.^[1] Its status, like other genera in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus as one of eight in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, saying that there are about 60 species.^[3] As of October 2019^[update], the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World listed about 70 species.^[1] Other sources, including Plants of the World Online as of October 2019^[update], treated Trichomanes as the only genus in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, so that it included all the other genera, and had about 250 species.^[4]

Phylogeny

Phylogeny of Trichomanes[5][6]

Unassigned species:

(Feea) T. mougeotii Bosch T. trollii Bergdolt T. diversifrons (Bory) Mett. T. botryoides Kaulf. T. osmundoides DC. ex Poir. (Afrotrichomanes) T. guineense Afzel. ex Swartz 1800 T. cupressoides Desv. T. boivinii Bosch T. madagascariense (Bosch) Moore (Asiatrichomanes) T. superbum Backhouse ex Moore (Davalliopsis) T. elegans Rich. (Lacostea) T. tanaicum Hook. T. pedicellatum Desv. T. ankersii Parker T. tuerckheimii Christ (Trichomanes) section T. hostmannianum (Klotzsch) Kunze T. pinnatum Hedw. T. vittaria DC. Neuromanes T. cellulosum Klotzsch 1844 T. bicorne Hook. T. spruceanum Hook. T. arbuscula Desv. T. holopterum Kunze (Entire-winged bristle fern) T. roraimense Jenman section T. lucens Sw. T. trigonum Desv. T. alatum Sw. T. scandens L. T. anadromum Rosenst. T. polypodioides L. Trichomanes section T. crispum L. T. martiusii C.Presl T. crinitum Sw. T. galeottii E.Fourn. T. robustum E.Fourn. T. crispiforme Alston T. vandenboschii P.G.Windisch T. accedens C.Presl T. egleri P.G.Windisch T. pilosum Raddi Achomanes

Trichomanes anomalum Maxon & Morton Trichomanes aureovestitum Proctor Trichomanes bancroftii Hook. & Grev. Trichomanes bissei C.Sánchez Trichomanes caliginum Lellinger Trichomanes crassipilis Weath. Trichomanes cristatum Kaulf. Trichomanes dactylites Sodiro Trichomanes delicatum Bosch Trichomanes ebiharae Fraser-Jenk. & Kholia Trichomanes guidoi P.G.Windisch Trichomanes humboldtii (Bosch) Lellinger Trichomanes jenmanii Lellinger Trichomanes kalbreyeri Baker Trichomanes killipii Weath. Trichomanes laciniosum Alston Trichomanes lozanoi M.T.Murillo Trichomanes ludovicianum Rosenst. Trichomanes macilentum Bosch Trichomanes micayense Hieron. Trichomanes murilloanum A.Rojas Trichomanes padronii Proctor Trichomanes paucisorum R.C.Moran & B.Øllg. Trichomanes pellucens Kunze Trichomanes pinnatifidum Bosch Trichomanes plumosum Kunze Trichomanes poeppigii C.Presl Trichomanes procerum Fée Trichomanes resinosum R.C.Moran Trichomanes ribae Pacheco Trichomanes sellowianum C.Presl Trichomanes steyermarkii P.G.Windisch & A.R.Sm. Trichomanes sublabiatum Bosch Trichomanes superbum Bosch Trichomanes trichopodium A.Rojas Trichomanes vaupesensis Lellinger

Species formerly placed in this genus include:

• Trichomanes angustatum Carmich. = Polyphlebium angustatum (Carmich.) Ebihara & Dubuisson
• Trichomanes bauerianum Endl. = Callistopteris baueriana (Endl.) Copel – Bauer's bristle fern
• Trichomanes boryanum Kunze 1840 = Cephalomanes atrovirens C.Presl
• Trichomanes boschianum Sturm ex Bosch = Vandenboschia boschiana (J.W.Sturm ex Bosch) Ebihara & K.Iwats. – Appalachian bristle fern
• Trichomanes caudatum Brack. = Abrodictyum caudatum (Brack.) Ebihara & K.Iwats.
• Trichomanes intricatum Farrar = Crepidomanes intricatum (Farrar) Ebihara & Weakley – Weft fern
• Trichomanes melanopus Baker = Didymoglossum melanopus (Baker) Copel.
• Trichomanes petersii A.Gray = Didymoglossum petersii (A. Gray) Copel. – Dwarf bristle fern
• Trichomanes reniforme G.Forst = Hymenophyllum nephrophyllum Ebihara & K. Iwats.
• Trichomanes speciosum Willd. = Vandenboschia speciosa (Willd.) G. Kunkel
• Trichomanes tenuissimum Bosch = Polyphlebium tenuissimum (Bosch) comb. ined.
• Trichomanes venosum R.Br. = Polyphlebium venosum (R.Br.) Copel.